Objective  To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of vitamin D combined with atomoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.

Methods  A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of children with ADHD admitted to Huzhou First People's Hospital from September 2022 to September 2023, and the children were divided into combination group and control group according to the diagnosis and treatment plan. The efficacy of treatment and cognitive function [Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV.)], behavioral dysfunction [Conners] and neurofilament markers [neurential-specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament light chain protein (NFL)) before and after 3 months of treatment were observed and compared after treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions during the treatment period was observed and recorded, and the safety was evaluated.

Results  A total of 101 children with ADHD were enrolled, including 51 in the combined group and 50 in the control group. After treatment, the total effective rate of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in MMSE score, WISC-IV. score, Conners score, serum NSE level and serum NFL level between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the MMSE score, WISC-IV. score, Conners score, serum NSE level and serum NFL level of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement degree in the combination group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment (P>0.05).

Conclusion  Compared with atomoxetine hydrochloride monotherapy, vitamin D combined with atomoxetine hydrochloride has better efficacy in children with ADHD, and can improve cognitive function, behavioral dysfunction and neurological impairment, with high safety.

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