Objective  To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infection in the neurosurgery department of Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, and to provide reference for nosocomial infection prevention and control and rational use of antibiotics.

Methods  The infection related information of 5 200 inpatients in neurosurgery from January 2019 to December 2022 was retrospectively collected through the hospital infection monitoring system and hospital information system, and the distribution of infection sites, the incidence of hospital infection, distribution of pathogens and drug resistance were statistically and descriptively analyzed.

Results  From 2019 to 2022, the average infection rate of inpatients in the neurosurgery department was 3.3%, which was decreased year by year (χ²=39.000, P<0.001). Nococomial infections mostly occurred in elderly male patients, the infection sites were mainly lower respiratory tract, urinary system, bacteremia, and intracranial infection. From 2019 to 2022, 296 strains of pathogenic bacterium were detected in neurosurgery, including 207 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 69.9%; 53 Gram-positive bacterium, accounting for 17.9%; 36 Fungi, accounting for 12.2%. The top four pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%), Escherichia coli (9.8%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (8.8%). The drug sensitivity results showed that the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was significant.

Conclusion  In the past four years, the incidence of nosocomial infections of the Neurosurgery department has improved year by year. The pathogenic bacteria detected were mainly gram-negative bacteria, and the problem of drug resistance is more prominent. The drug resistance management should be strengthened.

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