Sea buckthorn is a commonly used medicine in Tibetan and Mongolian medicine, and is one of the tree species with the largest number of natural vitamins in the world. The vitamin C content of Sea buckthorn fruit is much higher than that of other fruits, and it is known as the "king of VC"; Sea buckthorn seed oil is known as "liquid gold". Sea buckthorn not only has strong antioxidant ability, as early as 1300 years ago, there are more than 30 records in the Chinese Tibetan medicine classic “Four Medical Classics” about sea buckthorn “transforming phlegm to stop cough, benefiting the lungs, transforming dampness, strengthening the yin, and raising the yang”, and there are more than 60 records about sea buckthorn's effects of strengthening the spleen, nourishing the stomach, and breaking the disease to cure the blood and so on. In recent decades, the new functions and benefits of Sea buckthorn have been continuously explored, and the research on medicinal value and nutritional health care has been deepened. The fruits, leaves and seeds of Sea buckthorn contain a variety of bioactive components, their application in clinical medicine is gradually expanding, and there is great potential for development and utilization. But there is no systematic analysis on the pharmacodynamic substance basis of different parts. Therefore, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of different parts of Sea buckthorn are summarized in this paper, and the progress of research and development of Sea buckthorn as a medicinal plant in food, medicine and health care products is discussed, with a view to providing reference for the development and utilization of Sea buckthorn and creating more social and economic benefits.

1.中国药典2020年版. 一部[S]. 2020: 191.

2.王颖, 张智锋, 任婧楠, 等.沙棘活性成分及功能特性的研究进展[J]. 现代食品科技, 2025, 41(4): 373-381. [Wang Y, Zhang ZF, Ren JN, et al. Research progress on active ingredients and functional characteristics of Sea buckthorn[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2025, 41(4): 373-381.] DOI: 10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2025.4.0348.

3.高娟娟, 李栋, 苏丹, 等. 沙棘果油的提取工艺及其营养因子应用研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2022, 43(13): 400-407. [Gao  JJ, Li D, Su D, et al. Research progress on extraction process of Sea buckthorn fruit oil and application of its nutritional factors[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(13): 400-407.] DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021060224.

4.Ma X, Moilanen J, Laaksonen O, et al. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of tea-type infusions processed from Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) leaves[J]. Food Chem, 2019, 272: 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.006.

5.Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, et al. Vitamin C content in Sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides) and related products: a kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects[J]. J Food Sci, 2008, 73(9): C615-620. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00957.x.

6.Ivanišová E, Blašková M, Terentjeva M, et al. Biological properties of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) derived products[J]. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment, 2020, 19(2): 195-205. DOI: 10.17306/J.AFS.0809.

7.谭亮, 赵静, 马家麟, 等. 青海玉树沙棘不同部位营养成分分析与营养价值评价[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2018, 30(5): 807-816, 899. [Tan L, Zhao J, Ma JL, et al. Analysis of nutritional components and evaluation of nutritional value in different parts of Sea buckthorn from Yushu, Qinghai[J]. Natural Product Research and Development, 2018, 30(5): 807-816, 899.] DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2018.5.014.

8.林玉友, 王洪江, 张海旺, 等. 沙棘果实成分及影响因素研究进展[J]. 辽宁林业科技, 2022, (6): 52-56. [Lin YY, Wang  HJ, Zhang HW, et al. Research progress on the components of Sea buckthorn fruits and their influencing factors[J]. LiaoNing Forestry Science and Technology, 2022, (6): 52-56.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1714.2022.06.011.

9.胡高爽, 高山, 王若桦, 等. 沙棘活性物质研究及开发利用现状[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2021, 42(3): 218-224. [Hu GS, Gao S, Wang RH, et al. Research on active substances of Sea buckthorn and current situation of their development and utilization[J]. Food Research and Development, 2021, 42(3): 218-224.] DOI: 10.12161/j.issn.1005-6521.2021.03.036.

10.李娜, 王佳乐, 刘建国, 等. 沙棘营养成分及药理活性研究现状[J]. 中国果菜, 2020, 40(5): 20-25, 31. [Li N, Wang  JL, Liu JG, et al. Research status of nutritional components and pharmacological activities of Sea buckthorn[J]. China Fruit & Vegetable, 2020, 40(5): 20-25, 31.] DOI: 10.19590/j.cnki.1008-1038.2020.05.004.

11.陈雪涛, 赵三虎, 张先廷, 等. 不同提取方法对沙棘叶茶活性成分含量、抗氧化能力及α-糖苷酶抑制活性的影响 [J]. 食品研究与开发, 2024, 45(14): 35-42. [Chen XT, Zhao  SH, Zhang  XT, et al. Effects of different extraction methods on the content of active ingredients, antioxidant capacity and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity of Sea buckthorn leaf tea[J]. Food Research and Development, 2024, 45(14): 35-42.] DOI: 10.12161/j.issn.1005-6521.2024.14.006.

12.田建华. 产地及采集时间对沙棘叶多酚和总黄酮含量的影响[J]. 山西林业科技, 2023, 52(2): 18-21. [Tian JH. Effects of production areas and collection times on the contents of polyphenols and total flavonoids in Sea buckthorn leaves[J]. Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology, 2023, 52(2): 18-21.] DOI: 10.19989/j.cnki.1007-726X.20230206.

13.Suryakumar G, Gupta A. Medicinal and therapeutic potential of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2011, 138(2): 268-278. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.024.

14.Sytařová I, Orsavová J, Snopek L, et al. Impact of phenolic compounds and vitamins C and E on antioxidant activity of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries and leaves of diverse ripening times[J]. Food Chem, 2020, 310: 125784. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125784.

15.丁肇俊, 叶健文, 马佳琪, 等. 沙棘叶化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J]. 世界中医药, 2023, 18(5): 714-720. [Ding ZJ, Ye JW, Ma JQ, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Sea buckthorn leaves[J]. World Chinese Medicine, 2023, 18(5): 714-720.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2023.05.023.

16.陈雪涛, 蒋秀梅, 赵三虎, 等. 不同品种沙棘叶茶成分及活性比较[J]. 中国果菜, 2022, 42(5): 26-33, 37. [Chen  XT, Jiang  XM, Zhao SH, et al. Study on the components and activity properties of different varieties of sea buckthorn leaf tea[J]. China Fruit & Vegetable, 2022, 42(5): 26-33, 37.] DOI: 10.19590/j.cnki.1008-1038.2022.05.005.

17.唐克. 沙棘果实不同部位果油及黄酮含量比较[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2023, (6): 55-60. [Tang K. Comparison of fruit oil and flavonoid contents in different parts of Sea buckthorn fruits[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, (6): 55-60.] DOI: 10.11942/i.issn1002-2767.2023.06.0055.

18.魏璐, 田建华, 史鹏. 沙棘籽不同部位原花青素含量及抗氧化性研究[J]. 山西林业科技, 2022, 51(4): 4-6, 41. [Wei L, Tian JH, Shi P. Study on proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant activity in different parts of Sea buckthorn seeds[J]. Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology, 2022, 51(4): 4-6, 41.] DOI: 10.19989/j.cnki.1007-726X.20220402.

19.王伟铧, 张宇, 王宇亮, 等. 沙棘果多酚提取工艺优化及其抗阿尔茨海默症活性[J]. 食品工业科技, 2020, 41(6): 135-141. [Wang WH, Zhang Y, Wang YL, et al. Optimization of extraction process of Sea buckthorn fruit polyphenols and its anti-Alzheimer's disease activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2020, 41(6): 135-141.] DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020.06.023.

20.Aliyev AT, Panieri E, Stepanić V, et al. Involvement of NRF2 in breast cancer and possible therapeutical role of polyphenols and melatonin[J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(7): 1853. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071853.

21.Guo R, Guo X, Li T, et al. Comparative assessment of phytochemical profiles, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries[J]. Food Chem, 2017, 221: 997-1003. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.063.

22.Visan S, Soritau O, Tatomir C, et al. The bioactive properties of carotenoids from Lipophilic sea buckthorn extract (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in Breast Cancer Cell Lines[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(11): 4486. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114486.

23.Guo R, Chang X, Guo X, et al. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, antiproliferative activity and bioaccessibility of Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) berries as affected by in vitro digestion[J]. Food Funct, 2017, 8(11): 4229-4240. DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00917h.

24.崔米米. 沙棘果结合态多酚抗结肠癌效应的活性成分及分子机制[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2021. DOI: 10.27284/d.cnki.gsxiu.2020.000528.

25.Chimento A, De Luca A, D'Amico M, et al. The involvement of natural polyphenols in molecular mechanisms inducing apoptosis in tumor cells: a promising adjuvant in cancer therapy[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(2): 1680. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021680.

26.Jiang F, Guan H, Liu D, et al. Flavonoids from sea buckthorn inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways[J]. Food Funct, 2017, 8(3): 1313-1322. DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01873d.

27.Li Y, Chi G, Shen B, et al. Isorhamnetin ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory response through downregulation of NF-κB signaling[J]. Inflammation, 2016, 39(4): 1291-301. DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0361-z.

28.闫姗, 王晓坤, 杨林燕, 等. 异鼠李素的抗炎作用研究进展[J]. 甘肃科技, 2020, 36(13): 115-118. [Yan S, Wang XK, Yang LY, et al. Research progress on anti-inflammatory effect of isorhamnetin[J]. Gansu Science and Technology, 2020, 36(13): 115-118.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0952.2020.13.037.

29.Ren QC, Li XH, Li QY, et al. Total flavonoids from sea buckthorn ameliorates lipopolysaccharide/cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation[J]. Phytother Res, 2019, 33(8): 2102-2117. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6404.

30.崔米米, 武海丽, 李汉卿, 等. 沙棘源多酚的提取及其抗肿瘤活性测定[J]. 山西大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 43(3): 621-627. [Cui MM, Wu HL, Li HQ, et al. Extraction and anti-tumor activity determination of polyphenols from Hippophae rhamnoides[J]. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 43(3): 621-627.] DOI: 10.13451/j.sxu.ns.2019080.

31.Suchal K, Bhatia J, Malik S, et al. Corrigendum: Seabuckthorn pulp oil protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through activation of Akt/eNOS[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2019, 9: 1557. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01557.

32.李浩, 彭喜洋, 吴湃萱, 等. 植物多酚对肠道微生态影响的研究进展[J]. 食品与机械, 2019, 35(6): 222-226, 236.[Li H, Peng XY, Wu PX, et al. Research progress on the influence of plant polyphenols on intestinal microecology[J]. Food & Machinery, 2019, 35(6): 222-226, 236.] DOI: 10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2019.06.040.

33.Attri S, Goel G. Influence of polyphenol rich seabuckthorn berries juice on releaseof polyphenols and colonic microbiota on exposure to simulated human digestion model[J]. Food Res Int, 2018, 111: 314-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.045.

34.Yuan L, Zhang W, Fang W, et al. Sea buckthorn polyphenols alleviate high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice via reprograming hepatic lipid homeostasis owing to directly targeting fatty acid synthase[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2024, 72(15): 8632-8649. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01351.

35.Dannenberger D, Tuchscherer M, Nürnberg G, et al. Sea buckthorn pomace supplementation in the diet of growing pigs-effects on fatty acid metabolism, HPA activity and immune status[J]. Int J Mol, 2018, 19(2): 596. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020596.

36.Mohtashami B, Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H, Pirmohammadi R, et al. The effect of supplemental bioactive fatty acids on growth performance and immune function of milk-fed Holstein dairy calves during heat stress[J]. Br J Nutr, 2022, 127(2): 188-201. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521000908.

37.王蓉, 李胜男, 陈春, 等. 沙棘多糖对巨噬细胞和免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用研究[J]. 中南药学, 2020, 18(3): 384-388. [Wang R, Li SN, Chen C, et al. Study on the immunomodulatory effects of Sea buckthorn polysaccharides on macrophages and immunosuppressed mice[J]. Central South Pharmacy, 2020, 18(3): 384-388.] DOI: 10.7539/j.issn.1672-2981.2020.03.009.

38.刘峰, 马久太, 王浩仁, 等. 一测多评法测定沙棘鲜果中槲皮素、山柰素和异鼠李素含量[J]. 中国药业, 2017, 26(13): 24-27. [Liu F, Ma JT, Wang HR, et al. Determination of quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin in fresh Hippophae rhamnoides L. fruits by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method[J]. China Pharmaceuticals, 2017, 26(13): 24-27.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2017.13.007.

39.杜蕾蕾, 陈雏. 不同沙棘叶中槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素的含量比较[J]. 成都医学院学报, 2015, 10(1): 28-30, 34. [Du  LL, Chen C. Comparison of the contents of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in different Sea buckthorn leaves[J]. Journal of Chengdu Medical College, 2015, 10(1): 28-30, 34.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2257.2015.01.007.

40.任梅娟, 卢永昌, 辛青霞, 等. HPLC法测定沙棘籽粕中槲皮素山柰酚和异鼠李素的含量[J]. 西北民族大学学报（自然科学版）, 2018, 39(1): 1-4. [Ren MJ, Lu YC, Xin QX, et al. Determination of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in Sea buckthorn seed meal by HPLC[J]. Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities (Natural Science), 2018, 39(1): 1-4.] DOI: 10.14084/j.cnki.cn62-1188/n.2018.01.001.

41.赵磊. 沙棘质量综合性评价及其活性成分异鼠李素修饰研究[D]. 长春: 长春中医药大学, 2024. DOI: 10.26980/d.cnki.gcczc.2024.000086.

42.王静芳, 李珂, 刘金海, 等. 天然抗氧化剂—槲皮素[J]. 化学与粘合, 2024, 46(6): 611-615, 630. [Wang JF, Li K, Liu JH, et al. Natural antioxidant-quercetin[J]. Chemistry and Adhesion, 2024, 46(6): 611-615, 630.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0017.2024.06.018.

43.樊鑫梅, 申雪丽, 闫丽丽, 等. 高效液相色谱法同时测定沙棘果中槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素的含量[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2012, 32(17): 1343-1346. [Fan XM, Shen  XL, Yan  LL, et al. Simultaneous determination of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in Hippophae rhamnoides L. fruit by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2012, 32(17): 1343-1346.] DOI: 10.13286/j.cnki.chinhosppharmacyj.2012.17.005.

44.董明慧, 陈雨晴, 汪磊, 等. 山奈酚在神经退行性疾病中的机制研究进展[J]. 承德医学院学报，2025, 42(2): 149-153. [Dong MH, Chen YQ, Wang L, et al. Research progress on the mechanism of kaempferol in neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Journal of Chengde Medical College, 2025, 42(2): 149-153.] DOI: 10.15921/j.cnki.cyxb.2025.02.006.

45.焦亚辉. 基于无人机影像的沙棘表型信息提取及叶面积指数估测[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2021. DOI: 10.27431/d.cnki.gxnyu.2021.000629.

46.钟心, 尤飞, 周振亚, 等. 我国沙棘产业发展现状与对策建议 [J]. 世界林业研究, 2021, 34(3): 102-106. [Zhong X, You F, Zhou ZY, et al. Current situation and countermeasures of Seabuckthorn industry development in China[J]. World Forestry Research, 2021, 34(3): 102-106.] DOI: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2021.0014.y.

47.黄媛媛, 张志斌. 沙棘的高效综合利用[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2020, (15): 147-148. [Huang YY, Zhang ZB. High-efficiency comprehensive utilization of Sea buckthorn[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2020, (15): 147-148.] DOI: 10.16043/j.cnki.cfs.2020.15.119.

48.Pundir S, Garg P, Dviwedi A, et al. Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and dermatological effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L.: A review[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 266: 113434. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113434.

49.Tian Y, Puganen A, Alakomi HL, et al. Antioxidative and antibacterial activities of aqueous ethanol extracts of berries, leaves, and branches of berry plants[J]. Food Res Int, 2018, 106: 291-303. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.071.

50.唐敏. 沙棘叶多酚在苹果汁保鲜中的应用[J]. 现代食品, 2022, 28(1): 93-95. [Tang M. Application of Sea buckthorn leaf polyphenols in apple juice preservation[J]. Modern Food, 2022, 28(1): 93-95.] DOI: 10.16736/j.cnki.cn41-1434/ts.2022.01.026.

51.Tanwar H, Shweta, Singh D, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of the functional groups present in Hippophae rhamnoides (Seabuckthorn) leaf extract[J]. Inflammopharmacology, 2018, 26(1): 291-301. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0353-0.

52.焦翔, 殷丽君, 程永强. 沙棘叶黄酮的提取及抑菌作用研究 [J]. 食品科学, 2007, 28(8): 124-129. [Jiao X, Yin LJ, Cheng  YQ. Study on extraction and antibacterial activity of flavonoids from Sea buckthorn leaves[J]. Food Science, 2007, 28(8): 124-129.] DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2007.08.026.

53.Pichiah PB, Moon HJ, Park JE, et al. Ethanolic extract of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through down-regulation of adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression[J]. Nutr Res, 2012, 32(11): 856-864. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.015.

54.Kim SJ, Hwang E, Yi SS, et al. Sea buckthorn leaf extract inhibits glioma cell growth by reducing reactive oxygen species and promoting apoptosis[J]. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2017, 182(4): 1663-1674. DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2425-4.

55.张欣. 沙棘叶提取物对结直肠癌细胞HCT116的抑制作用 [D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2020. DOI: 10.27284/d.cnki.gsxiu.2020. 000988.

56.Marciniak B, Kontek R, Żuchowski J, et al. Novel bioactive properties of low-polarity fractions from sea-buckthorn extracts (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson)-(in vitro) [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2021, 135: 111141. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111141.

57.贾丛, 杜亚蓉, 孙坤. 沙棘总黄酮抑制肺癌A549增殖和迁移作用及机理[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2020, 32(6): 937-945, 952. [Jia C, Du YR, Sun K. Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of total flavonoids of Sea buckthorn on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer A549 cells[J]. Natural Product Research and Development, 2020, 32(6): 937-945, 952.] DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2020.6.005.

58.武海丽, 杜锦娥, 路洋洋, 等. 沙棘叶多酚的分离纯化及其活性分析[J]. 山西大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 46(1): 236-243. [Wu HL, Du JE, Lu YY, et al. Isolation, purification and activity analysis of polyphenols from Sea buckthorn leaves[J]. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 46(1): 236-243.] DOI: 10.13451/j.sxu.ns.2021090.

59.路洋洋. 沙棘叶结合态多酚中抗肿瘤活性成分的分离纯化及成分分析[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2020. DOI: 10.27284/d.cnki.gsxiu.2020.001745.

60.孔宇, 张倚菲, 韩鹏云, 等. 沙棘籽粕多酚提取工艺优化、组分分析及抗氧化性能研究[J]. 中国油脂, 2020, 45(4): 109-114. [Kong Y, Zhang YF, Han PY, et al. Optimization of extraction process, component analysis and antioxidant properties of polyphenols from Sea buckthorn seed meal[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2020, 45(4): 109-114.] DOI: 10.12166/j.zgyz.1003-7969/2020.04.022.

61.康天济, 王一, 戴临风, 等. 沙棘叶对小鼠胃排空和家兔离体肠管运动影响的实验研究[J]. 中医药信息, 2012, 29(3): 111-112. [Kang TJ, Wang Y, Dai LF, et al. Experimental study on the effect of Sea buckthorn leaves on gastric emptying in mice and the movement of isolated intestinal tract in rabbits[J]. Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012, 29(3): 111-112.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2406.2012.03.047.

62.邹元生, 徐瑞, 温中平, 等. 沙棘籽原花青素提取物对小鼠免疫调节实验研究[J]. 国际沙棘研究与开发, 2012, 10(1): 5-11. [Zou YS, Xu R, Wen ZP, et al. Experimental study on immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin extracts from Sea buckthorn seeds on mice[J]. The Global Seabuckthorn Research and Development, 2012, 10(1): 5-11.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4836.2012.01.003.

63.刘宇, 林童, 苏姗姗, 等. 沙棘籽油脂肪酸指纹图谱构建及掺假识别[J]. 中国口岸科学技术, 2023, 5(1): 53-60. [Liu  Y, Lin T, Su SS, et al. Construction of fatty acid fingerprint and adulteration identification of Sea buckthorn seed oil[J]. China Port Science and Technology, 2023, 5(1): 53-60.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4689.2023.01.008.

64.张佳婵, 王昌涛, 赵丹, 等. 沙棘粕醇提物的定性定量分析及其对衰老小鼠肝脏抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2019, 40(2): 229-238. [Zhang JC, Wang CT, Zhao D, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of ethanol extracts from Sea buckthorn meal and its effects on antioxidant indexes in the liver of aging mice[J]. Food Science, 2019, 40(2): 229-238.] DOI: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180614-285.

65.韩月, 沈甦, 傅捷, 等. 基于宏基因组学与代谢组学探索完带汤治疗脾虚湿盛型外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病作用机制[J]. 四川大学学报（医学版）, 2025, 56(1): 68-73. [Han Y, Shen  S, Fu J, et al. Mechanisms of Wandai decoction in improving vaginal flora of vulvovaginal candidiasis of the spleen deficiency and excessive dampness type: a study based on metagenomics and metabolomics[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences), 2025, 56(1): 68-73.] DOI: 10.12182/20250160110.

66.蔡良良, 何苗, 金友存, 等. 阴道内重组人干扰素α-2b阴道泡腾胶囊联合复方沙棘籽油栓对行宫颈锥切术后人乳头瘤病毒阳性宫颈癌前病变的治疗效果[J]. 陕西医学杂志, 2024, 53(10): 1391-1393, 1397. [Cai LL, He M, Jin YC, et al. Therapeutic effect of recombinant human interferon α-2b vaginal effervescent capsules combined with compound sea buckthorn seed oil suppository on human papillomavirus positive precancerous lesions of cervix after cervical conization[J]. Shaanxi Medical Journal, 2024, 53(10): 1391-1393, 1397.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7377.2024.10.020.

67.Yuan H, Shi F, Meng L, et al. Effect of Sea buckthorn protein on the intestinal microbial community in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, 107(Pt A): 1168-1174. DOI: 0.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.090.

68.田俊生, 郑晓芬, 张丽增, 等. 沙棘籽油抗抑郁作用[J]. 食品科学, 2013, 34(19): 279-282. [Tian JS, Zheng XF, Zhang LZ, et al. Antidepressant effect of Sea buckthorn seed oil[J]. Food Science, 2013, 34(19): 279-282.] DOI: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201319057.

69.Tian JS, Liu CC, Xiang H, et al. Investigation on the antidepressant effect of Sea buckthorn seed oil through the GC-MS-based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate analysis[J]. Food Funct, 2015, 6(11): 3585-3592. DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00695c.

70.Kashyap P, Kumar S, Singh D. Performance of antifreeze protein HrCHI4 from Hippophae rhamnoides in improving the structure and freshness of green beans upon cryopreservation[J]. Food Chem, 2020, 320: 126599. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126599.

71.张晓凤, 薛延团, 张育浩, 等. 沙棘甾醇对酒精性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2020, 35(1): 37-42. [Zhang  XF, Xue YT, Zhang YH, et al. Protective effect of Sea buckthorn sterols on alcoholic gastric mucosal injury[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 35(1): 37-42.] DOI: 10.13375/j.cnki.wcjps.2020.01.008.

72.Wang Z, Zhao F, Wei P, et al. Phytochemistry, health benefits, and food applications of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): a comprehensive review[J]. Front Nutr, 2022, 9: 1036295. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036295.

73.Yuan H, Zhu X, Wang W, et al. Hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects of seabuckthorn seed protein in diabetic ICR mice[J]. Food Funct, 2016, 7(3): 1610-615. DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01600b.

74.刘雅娜, 包晓玮, 王娟, 等. 沙棘多糖抗运动性疲劳及抗氧化作用的研究[J]. 食品工业科技, 2021, 42(10): 321-326. [Liu  YN, Bao XW, Wang J, et al. Study on the anti-sports fatigue and antioxidant effects of Sea buckthorn polysaccharides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2021, 42(10): 321-326.] DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020080192.

75.Angeli L, Morozova K, Scampicchio M. A kinetic-based stopped-flow DPPH· method[J]. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 7621. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34382-7.

76.汪成, 王怀友, 汪蔓青, 等. 不同产地沙棘果化学成分含量及抗氧化活性的研究[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2020, 35(5): 513-517. [Wang  C, Wang HY, Wang MQ, et al. Study on the chemical composition content and antioxidant activity of Sea buckthorn fruits from different origins[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 35(5): 513-517.] DOI: 10.13375/j.cnki.wcjps.2020.05.010.

77.Nowak D, Gośliński M, Wojtowicz E, et al. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds of vitamin C-rich juices[J]. J Food Sci, 2018, 83(8): 2237-2246. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14284.

78.Kumar MS, Dutta R, Prasad D, et al. Subcritical water extraction of antioxidant compounds from Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaves for the comparative evaluation of antioxidant activity[J]. Food Chem, 2011, 127(3): 1309-1316. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.088.

79.Upadhyay NK, Kumar MS, Gupta A. Antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides  L.) leaves[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2010, 48(12): 3443-3448. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.019.

80.He Q, Yang K, Wu X, et al. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf tea[J]. Food Sci Nutr, 2022, 11(3): 1212-1222. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3155.

81.郑满荣, 吕晓玲, 王建新, 等. 3种沙棘油的主要成分及抗氧化能力比较[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2018, 39(8): 24-29. [Zheng  MR, Lü XL, Wang JX, et al. Comparison of main components and antioxidant capabilities of three kinds of Sea buckthorn oils[J]. Food Research and Development, 2018, 39(8): 24-29.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2018.08.005.

82.Zhang G, Liu Y, Liu P. Active Components from Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) regulate hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2018, 66(46): 12257-12264. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05306.

83.葛晓燕, 房磊. 柳叶沙棘籽油对竭力运动后小鼠抗衰老能力的影响[J]. 动物医学进展, 2017, 38(12): 64-67. [Ge  XY, Fang L. Effect of Hippophae salicifolia seed oil on anti-aging ability of mice after exhaustive exercise[J]. Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2017, 38(12): 64-67.] DOI: 10.16437/j.cnki.1007-5038.2017.12.014.

84.Vashishtha V, Barhwal K, Kumar A, et al. Effect of seabuckthorn seed oil in reducing cardiovascular risk factors: a longitudinal controlled trial on hypertensive subjects[J]. Clin Nutr, 2017, 36(5): 1231-1238. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.013.

85.Chen Y, He W, Cao H, et al. Research progress of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease[J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2024, 11: 1477636. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1477636.

86.周浩楠, 胡娜, 董琦, 等. 沙棘化学成分及药理作用的研究进展[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2020, 35(2): 211-217. [Zhou HN, Hu  N, Dong Q, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Hippophae rhamnoides[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 35(2): 211-217. ] DOI: 10.13375/j.cnki.wcjps.2020.02.023.

87.赵二劳, 赵三虎, 范建凤, 等. 天然产物中活性成分对α-淀粉酶抑制作用研究进展[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2020, 41(19): 199-203. [Zhao EL, Zhao SH, Fan JF, et al. Research progress on the inhibitory effect of active ingredients in natural products on α-amylase[J]. Food Research and Development, 2020, 41(19): 199-203.] DOI: 10.12161/j.issn.1005-6521.2020.19.035.

88.Ding X, Giannenas I, Skoufos I, et al. The effects of plant extracts on lipid metabolism of chickens-a review[J]. Anim Biosci, 2023, 36(5): 679-691. DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0272.

89.屈长青, 丁计银, 王新鲁, 等. 沙棘叶水提物对小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响及抗凝血作用[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2013, 33(11): 2562-2563. [Qu CQ, Ding JY, Wang XL, et al. Effects of water-extract of Seabuckthorn leaves on non-specific immune function and anticoagulant activity in mice[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2013, 33(11): 2562-2563.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2013.11.038.

90.刘兵, 苑博, 宁天一, 等. 沙棘总黄酮对过氧化氢损伤人血管内皮细胞的保护作用[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2017, 35(8): 2158-2160. [Liu B, Yuan B, Ning TY, et al. Protective effect of total flavonoids of Sea buckthorn on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of human vascular endothelial cells[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2017, 35(8): 2158-2160.] DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2017.08.065.

91.Yang F, Suo Y, Chen D, et al. Protection against vascular endothelial dysfunction by polyphenols in Sea buckthorn berries in rats with hyperlipidemia[J]. Biosci Trends, 2016, 10(3): 188-196. DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01056.

92.Skalski B, Kontek B, Olas B, et al. Phenolic fraction and nonpolar fraction from Sea buckthorn leaves and twigs: chemical profile and biological activity[J]. Future Med Chem, 2018, 10(20): 2381-2394. DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0144.

93.Wilson SMG, Peach JT, Fausset H, et al. Metabolic impact of polyphenol-rich aronia fruit juice mediated by inflammation status of gut microbiome donors in humanized mouse model[J]. Front Nutr, 2023, 10: 1244692. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1244692.

94.Wang Z, Zhou S, Jiang Y. Sea buckthorn pulp and seed oils ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders and modulate gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice on high-fat diet[J]. Front Nutr, 2022, 9: 1067813. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1067813.

95.Purushothaman J, Suryakumar G, Shukla D, et al. Modulation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage in rats by Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2011, 2011: 574524. DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep199.

96.李淑珍, 武飞, 杨宁, 等. 沙棘叶黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用[J]. 四川师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2016, 39(5): 765-769. [Li SZ, Wu F, Yang N, et al. Protective effect of flavonoids from Sea buckthorn leaves on acute liver injury in mice[J]. Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Natural Science), 2016, 39(5): 765-769.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8395.2016.05.026.

97.Zhang W, Zhang X, Zou K, et al. Seabuckthorn berry polysaccharide protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities[J]. Food Funct, 2017, 8(9): 3130-3138. DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00399d.

98.王昕旭, 王雪, 张晓慧, 等. 沙棘多糖对扑热息痛诱导的小鼠肝损伤保护作用的研究[J]. 中国免疫学杂志, 2018, 34(7): 972-975. [Wang XX, Wang X, Zhang XH, et al. Protective effect of Sea buckthorn polysaccharides on paracetamol-induced liver injury in mice[J]. Chinese Journal of Immunology, 2018, 34(7): 972-975.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2018.07.003.

99.Zargar R, Raghuwanshi P, Koul AL, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of Seabuckthorn leaf-extract in lead acetate-intoxicated Wistar rats[J]. Drug Chem Toxicol, 2022, 45(1): 476-480. DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1775630.

100.Chen Y, Cai Y, Wang K, et al. Bioactive compounds in Sea buckthorn and their efficacy in preventing and treating metabolic syndrome[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(10): 1985. DOI: 10.3390/foods12101985.

101.刘芳, 赵世敏, 张威, 等. 沙棘多糖对急性肝损伤小鼠氧化应激的抑制作用及其对BCL-2/Bax和PPAR-γ的调控 [J]. 中国免疫学杂志, 2016, 32(3): 358-361. [Liu F, Zhao SM, Zhang  W, et al. Inhibitory effect of Sea buckthorn polysaccharides on oxidative stress in mice with acute liver injury and its regulation on BCL-2/Bax and PPAR-γ[J]. Chinese Journal of Immunology, 2016, 32(3): 358-361.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-484X.2016.03.014.

102.张晓慧, 宋亮, 赵世敏, 等. 沙棘多糖对脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2017, 38(3): 1-7. [Zhang XH, Song L, Zhao SM, et al. Protective effect of Sea buckthorn polysaccharides on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 38(3): 1-7.] DOI: 10.16853/j.cnki.1009-3575.2017.03.001.

103.Yang X, Wang Q, Pang ZR, et al. Flavonoid-enriched extract from Hippophae rhamnoides seed reduces high fat diet induced obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic triglyceride accumulation in C57BL/6 mice[J]. Pharm Biol, 2017, 55(1): 1207-1214. DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1278454.

104.朱凌凌, 段逸山, 高晞, 等. 带下病名源流考[J]. 中国中医基础医学杂志, 2018, 24(11): 1499-1501, 1543. [Zhu LL, Duan  YS, Gao X, et al. Origin and development of the disease name of leukorrheal diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Basic Medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2018, 24(11): 1499-1501, 1543.] DOI: 10.19945/j.cnki.issn.1006-3250.2018.11.002.

105.宁志雪, 牛广财, 朱立斌, 等. 沙棘活性成分、生理功能及开发利用研究进展[J]. 食品与机械, 2021, 37(11): 221-227, 240. [Ning ZX, Niu GC, Zhu LB, et al. Research progress on active components, physiological functions, development and utilization of Hippophae rhamnoides[J]. Food & Machinery, 2021, 37(11): 221-227, 240.] DOI: 10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2021.11.038.

106.Cai D, Li X, Chen J, et al. A comprehensive review on innovative and advanced stabilization approaches of anthocyanin by modifying structure and controlling environmental factors[J]. Food Chem, 2022, 366: 130611. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130611.

107.Paramasivan P, Kankia IH, Langdon SP, et al. Emerging role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the mechanism of action and resistance to anticancer therapies[J]. Cancer Drug Resist, 2019, 2(3): 490-515. DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.57.

108.Mizuno K, Kume T, Muto C, et al. Glutathione biosynthesis via activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)--antioxidant-response element (ARE) pathway is essential for neuroprotective effects of sulforaphane and 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate[J]. J Pharmacol Sci, 2011, 115(3): 320-328. DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10257fp.

109.Ji M, Gong X, Li X, et al. Advanced research on the antioxidant activity and mechanism of polyphenols from Hippophae species-a review[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(4): 917. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040917.

110.Sajeeda A, Bhat AM, Gorke S, et al. Naringenin, a flavanone constituent from Sea buckthorn pulp extract, prevents ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation-induced skin damage via alleviation of impaired mitochondrial dynamics mediated inflammation in human dermal fibroblasts and Balb/c mice models[J]. J Photochem Photobiol B, 2024, 256: 112944. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112944.

111.Wei J, Zhao J, Su T, et al. Flavonoid extract from seed residues of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis protects against alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating the Nrf2 pathway[J]. Antioxidants (Basel), 2023, 12(3): 562. DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030562.

112.Gao S, Guo Q, Qin C, et al. Sea buckthorn fruit oil extract alleviates insulin resistance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes mellitus cells and rats[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2017, 65(7): 1328-1336. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04682.

113.何倩, 杨凯琳, 吴欣艳, 等. 基于网络药理学、含量测定及活性评价探讨沙棘叶质量标志物及其潜在药用价值[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2023, 48(20): 5487-5497. [He Q, Yang KL, Wu  XY, et al. Prediction of quality markers and medicinal value of Sea buckthorn leaves based on network pharmacology, content determination, and activity evaluation[J]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 2023, 48(20): 5487-5497.] DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230616.201.

114.Xia CX, Gao AX, Dong TT, et al. Flavonoids from Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) mimic neurotrophic functions in inducing neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons: signaling via PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways[J]. Phytomedicine, 2023, 115: 154832. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154832.

115.Xia CX, Gao AX, Zhu Y, et al. Flavonoids from Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) restore CUMS-induced depressive disorder and regulate the gut microbiota in mice[J]. Food Funct, 2023, 14(16): 7426-7438. DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01332d.

116.侯兴琳, 张同军, 兰莹. 沙棘亚麻籽油软胶囊降血脂功能及其安全性评价[J]. 中国油脂, 2022, 47(11): 30-37, 79. [Hou XL, Zhang TJ, Lan Y. Evaluation of the lipid-lowering function and safety of Sea buckthorn and linseed oil soft capsules[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2022, 47(11): 30-37, 79.] DOI: 10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.210451.

117.Olas B. Sea buckthorn as a source of important bioactive compounds in cardiovascular diseases[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2016, 97: 199-204. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.008.