Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has good dose-dependent sedative, analgesic, and anti-anxiety effects. Clinical studies have shown that Dex can increase the mechanical ventilation tolerance of perioperative or critically ill patients, reduce respiratory depression, maintain hemodynamic stability, decrease anesthetic dosage, and reduce delirium occurrence. Due to adverse reactions such as bradycardia and hypotension, Dex should be administered at a controlled rate and dose in clinical practice. At present, Dex has been widely used as an adjuvant drug in general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, pediatric anesthesia, day surgery, and painless examinations. This article reviews the application progress of Dex in anesthesia and analgesia for orthopedic surgery. hoping to play a reference role for Dex in how to effectively reduce the dosage of anaesthetics, maintain haemodynamic stability, and reduce postoperative pain in orthopaedic surgery.

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