Objective  To explore the clinical efficacy of human interferon α-2b (INF α-2b) combined with chlorquinaldol-promestriene (CP) in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).

Methods   Clinical data of CIN patients treated at the Shunyi District Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing from September 2022 to September 2023 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into two groups based on their postoperative medication regimen: the interferon group (INF α-2b) and the combination group (INF α-2b combined with CP). Changes in inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA)] and immune function factors [CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios] were compared before and after 3 months of the treatment. Clinical efficacy [treatment response rate, HPV clearance rate, and six-month recurrence rate] and complications were also assessed.

Results  A total of 106 CIN patients were included, with 68 in the interferon group and 38 in the combination group. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in serum CRP, SAA levels, blood CD4⁺ lymphocyte ratio, CD8⁺lymphocyte ratio, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ratio between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, both groups showed significant decreases in serum CRP, SAA levels, and blood CD8⁺ lymphocyte ratio (P ﹤ 0.05), and significant increases in blood CD4⁺ lymphocyte ratio and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio (P ﹤ 0.05), compared with before treatment. In addition, the combination group had significantly lower serum CRP, SAA levels, and blood CD8⁺ lymphocyte ratio, and significantly higher blood CD4⁺ lymphocyte ratio and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio than the interferon group. The effective rate and HR-HPV clearance rate in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the interferon group. There was no significant difference in the six-month recurrence rate (P﹤0.05)  or the postoperative complication rate (P>0.05).

Conclusion  INF α-2b combined with CP can improve inflammation levels, immune function, clinical efficacy, and HPV clearance rate in CIN patients after LEEP but not affect the six-month recurrence rate or complication rate.

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