Objective  To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total polyphenols from Ocimum basilicum L. seeds and evaluate its in vitro antioxidant activity, and to provide experimental evidence for the high-value utilization of traditional Uyghur medicinal material.

Methods  Using Ocimum basilicum L. seeds as the raw material, this study employed single-factor experiments combined with an orthogonal experimental design to investigate the effects of ethanol concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio and ultrasonication time on the total polyphenol yield. Using the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, the antioxidant activity of total polyphenol samples obtained under different extraction conditions was assessed.

Results  The optimal conditions were 60% ethanol, 50 min extraction, and solid-liquid ratio of 1  ∶  60 (g/mL) , yielding 8.383 1 mg/g of total polyphenols. The average DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates were 77.42% and 93.31%, respectively, indicating stable and excellent antioxidant activity.

Conclusion  The optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction process is simple and efficient, improving polyphenol yield while preserving bioactivity. The total polyphenols from Ocimum basilicum L. seed used in Uyghur medicinal material have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants, functional food ingredients, or pharmaceutical excipients, and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process provides technical support for the modern development of this traditional Uyghur medicinal resource.

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