Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is prone to progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, posing a severe threat to human health. At present, clinical pharmacological therapies for MASLD/MASH are scarce, with narrow applicable populations and insufficient long-term intervention safety. In comparison, food-medicine homology substances, which have both nutritional and medicinal properties, exert unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of MASLD/MASH. This article systematically reviews the research progress of 32 food-medicine homology substances in MASLD/MASH. It summarizes that these substances demonstrate multi-target synergistic intervention effects through six core pathways: regulating lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance, anti-oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory response, delaying liver fibrosis, and regulating gut‑liver axis. It also discusses the clinical application potential of classic food-medicine herb pairs, modern compound preparations and traditional decoctions, aiming to provide references for basic experimental research, clinical transformation and industrial product development of food-medicine homology substances against MASLD/MASH.

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