Objective  To predict the potential quality marker components of ginseng rose drink based on fingerprint and network pharmacology.

Methods  The fingerprints of 10 batches of ginseng rose drink were established by HPLC, the common peaks were identified and attributed to each batch of ginseng rose drink, and the similarity evaluation was conducted to examine the differences among samples from different batches. The potential quality biomarkers were predicted and analyzed based on the effectiveness, measurability of chemical composition and network pharmacology.

Results   A total of 22 shared peaks were identified by fingerprints, and 8 common peaks were designated, including rutin, chrysin, kaempferol, uridine, adenosine, allantoin, ginsenoside Rg₁ and ginsenoside Rg₃, and their similarities were all greater than 0.90. According to network pharmacology predictions, 8 components could regulate multiple pathways such as cancer, inflammation, etc.

Conclusion  8 components including rutin, hyperoside, kaempferol, etc, have been predicted as potential quality markers for ginseng rose drink, with a view to providing references for the quality control of ginseng rose drink and subsequent studies.

1.王树明, 陈曦, 孙琦,等. 人参的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J]. 感染、炎症、修复, 2024, 25(3): 250-254. [Wang SM, Chen X, Sun Q, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects ofginseng[J]. Infection Inflammation Repair, 2024, 25(3): 250-254.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8521.2024.03.017.

2.金晶, 阳鑫, 周薇, 等. 玫瑰类黄酮研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2019, 47(16): 14-17. [Jin J, Yang X, Zhou W, et al. Research progress of flavonoids on Rosa rugosa Thunb.[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 47(16): 14-17.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.16.005.

3.刘天煜, 张金喆, 佟长青, 等. 玉竹糖蛋白研究进展[J]. 农产品加工, 2021, (11): 69-71. [Liu TY, Zhang JZ, Tong CQ, et al. Research progress on glycoprotein of Polygonatum odoratum[J].Aem Roducts Rocessing, 2021, (11): 69-71.] DOI: 10.16693/j.cnki.1671-9646(X).2021.11.051.

4.查孝柱, 徐源, 李卫平. 中国山药研究现状的文献计量学可视化分析[J]. 宜春学院学报, 2020, 42(6): 79-83. [Zha XZ, Xu  Y, Li WP. Bibliometrics and visualization analysis of the domestic research situation of Rhizoma dioscoreae[J]. Journal of Yichun University, 2020, 42(6): 79-83.] DOI: 10.16693/j.cnki.1671-9646(X).2021.11.051.

5.Wang YF, An ZY, Yuan LQ, et al. Lilium brownii/Baihe as nutraceuticals: insights into its composition and therapeutic properties[J]. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2024, 17(9): 1242. DOI: 10.3390/ph17091242.

6.刁嘉茵, 徐灿, 王淑美, 等. 中药指纹图谱与药效相关性研究进展[J]. 药学研究, 2018, 37(3): 165-168. [Diao JY, Xu C, Wang  SM, et al. Recent progress on correlation between fingerprints and pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicines[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 37(3): 165-168.] DOI: 10.13506/j.cnki.jpr.2018.03.010.

7.徐妍, 杨华蕊, 杨永寿, 等. 中药指纹图谱研究现状及展望[J]. 世界最新医学信息文摘, 2018, 18(76): 91-94. [Xu Y, Yang HR, Yang YS, et al. Research and prospect of fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. World Latest Medicine Information, 2018, 18(76): 91-94.] DOI: 10.19613/j.cnki.1671-3141.2018.76.040.

8.王璐, 张礼欣, 贾奥蒙, 等. 基于指纹图谱和网络药理学对经典名方竹茹汤中葛根的质量标志物（Q-Marker）预测分析[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(20): 6197-6207. [Wang L, Zhang LX, Jia AM, et al. Q-Marker prediction analysis of Puerariae Lobatae Radix in Zhuru Decoction based on fingerprint and network pharmacology[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2021, 52(20): 6197-6207.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2021.20.009.

9.刘昌孝, 陈士林, 肖小河, 等. 中药质量标志物 (Q-Marker): 中药产品质量控制的新概念[J]. 中草药, 2016, 47(9): 1443-1457. [Liu CX, Chen SL, Xiao XH, et al. Quality marker (Q-Marker) of Chinese medicines: a new concept for product quality control of Chinese medicines[J]. Chinese Herbal Medicine, 2016, 47(9): 1443-1457.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2016.09.001.

10.张铁军, 白钢, 陈常青, 等. 基于“五原则”的复方中药质量标志物（Q-marker）研究路径[J]. 中草药, 2018, 49(1): 1-13. [Zhang TJ, Bai G, Chen CQ, et al. Research approaches of quality marker (Q-marker) of Chinese materia medica formula based on "five principles"[J]. Chinese Herbal Medicine, 2018, 49(1): 1-13.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2018.01.001.

11.王强, 刘敏莹, 韩隆胤, 等. 网络药理学探讨断藤益母汤治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2019, 25(24): 150-158. [Wang Q, Liu MY, Han LY, et al. Mechanism of duanteng yimutang in treating rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology approach[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2019, 25(24): 150-158.] DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20192404.

12.汤佩佩, 白明, 苗明三. 中医药研究与网络药理学[J]. 中医学报, 2012, 27(9): 1112-1115. [Tang PP, Bai M, Miao MS. Traditional Chinese medicine research and network pharmacology[J]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2012, 27(9): 1112-1115.] DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2012.09.047.

13.Wu P, Liang S, He Y, et al. Network pharmacology analysis to explore mechanism of Three Flower Tea against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with experimental support using high-fat diet-induced rats[J]. Chin Herb Med, 2022, 14(2): 273-282. DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.03.002.

14.邵莉, 王锦, 罗伟, 等. 刺人参的化学成分研究[J]. 中药材, 2017, 40(10): 2331-2334. [Shao L, Wang J, Luo W, et al. Chemical constituents from Oplopanax elatus[J]. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2017, 40(10): 2331-2334.] DOI: 10.13863/j.issn1001-4454.2017.10.020.

15.牛淑敏, 朱颂华, 李巍, 等. 中药材玫瑰花抗氧化及作用机制的研究[J]. 南开大学学报（自然科学版）, 2004, 37(2): 29-33. [Niu SM, Zhu SH, Li W, et al. Studies on atioxidant effects and mechanism of Chinese herb rosa Rugosa thunb[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis (Natural Science Edition), 2004, 37(2): 29-33.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0465-7942.2004.02.006.

16.陈岩岩, 李花, 刘旺华, 等. 加味四君子汤通过调控Fibulin-5, p-Akt表达抗脑缺血大鼠神经细胞失巢凋亡机制 [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2021, 27(1): 112-120. [Chen  YY, Li H, Liu WH, et al. Mechanism of modified Si Junzitang on neuronal anti-anoikis of cells in rats with cerebral ischemia through Fibulin-5 and p-Akt[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2021, 27(1): 112-120.] DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20210139.

17.胡聪, 孟祥龙, 宁晨旭, 等. 山药的研究进展及其抗衰老的网络药理学分析[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2020, 22(7): 2348-2365. [Hu C, Meng XL, Ning CX, et al. Research progress of Chinese yam and its network pharmacological analysis of anti-aging[J]. World Science and Technology-Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 22(7): 2348-2365.] DOI: 10.11842/wst.20190722007.

18.Han X, Zhao S, Song H, et al. Kaempferol alleviates LD-mitochondrial damage by promoting autophagy: implications in Parkinson's disease[J]. Redox Biol, 2021, 41: 101911. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101911.

19.Pan D, Li N, Liu Y, et al. Kaempferol inhibits the migration and invasion of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by blocking activation of the MAPK pathway[J]. Int Immunopharmacol, 2018, 55: 174-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.011.

20.Yoon HY, Lee EG, Lee H, et al. Kaempferol inhibits IL-1β-induced proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and the production of COX-2, PGE2 and MMPs[J]. Int J Mol Med, 2013, 32(4): 971-977. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1468.

21.王小兰, 李方, 孙墨, 等. 山药中尿囊素对环磷酰胺诱导卵巢功能早衰的保护作用[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2023, 35(12): 2137-2144. [Wang XL, Li F, Sun M, et al. Protective effect of allantoin from Dioscoreae rhizoma on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in rats[J]. Natural Product Research and Development, 2023, 35(12): 2137-2144.] DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.12.013.

22.周红, 张亚维, 张堃, 等. 人参皂苷Rg3对骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢及肠钙吸收功能的影响[J]. 重庆医科大学学报, 2024, 49(2): 141-146. [Zhou H, Zhang YW, Zhang K, et al. Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on bone metabolism and intestinal calcium absorption in osteoporotic rats[J]. Journal of Chongqing Medical University, 2024, 49(2): 141-146.] DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003425.

23.张婷, 李娜, 宋小锋, 等. 基于网络药理学和分子对接对金丝桃苷抗肝癌作用机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2022, 28(15): 183-191. [Zhang T, Li N, Song XF, et al. Anti-liver cancer mechanism of hypericin based on network pharmacology and molecular docking[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2022, 28(15): 183-191.] DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220811.