Objective  To systematically evaluate the content of five main active components and total flavonoid content, and in vitro antioxidant activity in different polarity solvent extracts from Flax leaves, and to in-depth analyze their correlation.

Methods  The contents of five components including chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin were determined by HPLC. Using rutin as a reference substance, the total flavonoid content was determined by the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The antioxidant activities were comprehensively evaluated by DPPH, ABTS⁺ and Cu²⁺ reduction capacity methods.

Results  The five components and total flavonoid content in the extracts of ethyl acetate and n-butanol were relatively high, and the antioxidant activity was relatively strong. The contents of chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and total flavonoid in the ethyl acetate extract were 4.35%±0.03%, 19.19%±0.21%, 8.13%±0.09%, 1.65%±0.03%, 1.07%±0.01% and 58.26%±0.35%, respectively. The half-inhibitory concentration of its DPPH, ABTS+, and Cu²⁺ reduction abilities were 7.4, 6.6, and 25.7 μg/mL, respectively. The content and antioxidant activity of each component in the n-butanol extract were secondary. The order of each indicator from high to low (or activity from strong to weak) was consistent, which was as follows: ethyl acetate extract>n-butanol extract>residual phase concentrate>petroleum ether extract. The correlation analysis further confirmed that there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the five components, total flavonoid content, and three antioxidant activity indicators.

Conclusion  The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts are the main material basis for the antioxidant activity of Flax leaves, with specific component contents significantly correlated with activity intensity. This study provides a scientific basis for the development and application of Flax leaves as natural antioxidants in related fields..

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