Xiao'er Futongcao is the dried whole herb of Swertia patens Burk., a plant of the family Gentianaceae, a traditional folk medicinal herb of the Yi ethnic group in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. It is commonly used to treat abdominal pain, wind-fire toothache, and sore throat. Modern studies have verified that its main chemical constituents are iridoids and xanthones, with swertiamarin, mangiferin, and oleanolic acid as the marker active ingredients. Pharmacological experiments prove that the herb and its extracts possess antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative-hypnotic, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic activities. At present, a variety of quality control technologies, including microscopic identification, thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, high performance liquid chromatography, and chromatographic fingerprinting, have been applied to this medicinal material. By reviewing domestic and foreign literatures published in recent years, this paper systematically summarizes the research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and quality control of Swertia patens, so as to provide references for the improvement of its medicinal standards and the development of medicinal resources.

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