Objective  To explore the efficacy of ceftriaxone combined with azithromycin in the treatment of severe pneumonia in children, and its effects on serum inflammatory indicators and myocardial enzyme spectrum.

Methods  The clinical data of children with severe pneumonia who visited the Department of Pediatrics of Zhoushan Women and Children Hospital from June 2019 to June 2024 and completed standardized anti-infection treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a study group (cefotaxime combined with azithromycin treatment) and a control group (azithromycin treatment) according to different treatment drugs. The clinical efficacy, time to resolution of pulmonary infection symptoms (cough, high fever, lung rales, wheezing, etc.), length of hospital stay, serum inflammatory level, myocardial enzyme spectrum level, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

Results  A total of 104 children with severe pneumonia were included, with 53 in the study group and 51 in the control group. The effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (96.23% vs. 80.39%, P<0.05); the symptom resolution time and hospitalization time of the study group were shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the inflammatory factors (PCT, CRP, and IL-6) and myocardial enzyme levels of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion  Ceftriaxone combined with azithromycin has a significant effect in the treatment of severe pneumonia in children, which can accelerate the resolution of symptoms, reduce the length of hospitalization, and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and myocardial enzyme levels.

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