Objective  To explore the impact of empirical antibiotic treatment (EAT) on complications and mortality in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC).

Methods This study retrospectively collected ACC patients from the department of general surgery of The 986th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force from January 2016 to January 2022. According to the use of antibiotics, ACC patients were divided into an adequate EAT  (AEAT) group and an insufficient EAT (IEAT) group. The incidence of complications and 30-day hospitalization mortality rate in two groups of ACC patients were observed and analyzied.

Results  A total of 504 ACC patients were included in this study. 337 (66.87%) ACC patients were included in the AEAT group, and 167 (33.13%) ACC patients were included in the IEAT group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AEAT was a protective factor for total complications [OR=0.625, 95%CI (0.419, 0.932), P=0.021] and infection complications [OR=0.512, 95%CI (0.331, 0.791), P=0.003]. Multivariate COX risk proportional regression showed that AEAT was a protective factor for the 30-day mortality risk in ACC patients [OR=0.238, 95%CI (0.070, 0.810), P=0.022].

Conclusion  AEAT can reduce the incidence of complications and mortality in ACC patients.

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