Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors threatening women’s health worldwide. Paclitaxel (PTX), a natural diol compound extracted from the bark of Pacific yew, is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. However, the application of PTX in cancer therapy has been greatly limited due to its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. The emergence of nano drug delivery system can improve the solubility of PTX, increase its bioavailability, and reduce drug metabolism, which has a good application prospect. This paper reviews the research progress of PTX nanoformulation in anti-breast cancer treatment, providing a reference for further research and development of PTX nanodelivery systems.

1.Wilkinson L, Gathani T. Understanding breast cancer as a global health concern[J]. Br J Radiol, 2022, 95(1130): 20211033. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211033.

2.何苗, 曹雨晴, 刘晨旭, 等. 紫杉醇新辅助化疗单周方案与密集方案治疗乳腺癌的疗效和安全性[J]. 临床医学, 2023, 43(9): 21-24. [He M, Cao YQ, Liu CX, et al. Efficacy and safety of one-week paclitaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus intensive chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer[J]. Clinical Medicine, 2023, 43(9): 21-24.] DOI: 10.19528/j.issn.1003-3548.2023.09.006.

3.Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li C, et al. Advances in cell membrane-based biomimetic nanodelivery systems for natural products[J]. Drug Deliv, 2024, 31(1): 2361169. DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2361169.

4.Chen Q, Xu S, Liu S, et al. Emerging nanomedicines of paclitaxel for cancer treatment[J]. J Control Release, 2022, 342: 280-294. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.010.

5.Moon DO. Interplay between paclitaxel, gap junctions, and kinases: unraveling mechanisms of action and resistance in cancer therapy[J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2024, 51(1): 472. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09411-x.

6.Chen T, Tu L, Wang G, et al. Multi-functional chitosan polymeric micellesas oral paclitaxel delivery systems for enhanced bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy[J]. Int J Pharm, 2020, 578: 119105. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119105.

7.Ying N, Liu S, Zhang M, et al. Nano delivery system for paclitaxel: recent advances in cancer theranostics[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2023, 228: 113419. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113419.

8.王鑫, 徐枫, 姜阳, 等. 注射用紫杉醇脂质体与传统紫杉醇注射液治疗乳腺癌的效果及安全性比较[J]. 中国医学创新, 2022, 19(9): 30-34. [Wang X, Xu F, Jiang Y, et al. Comparison of efficacy and safety between paclitaxel liposome injection and traditional paclitaxel injection in the treatment of breast cancer[J]. Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(9): 30-34.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.09.008.

9.高洁, 李师仰, 郭静, 等. 紫杉醇口服制剂的研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2025, 31(11): 322-330. [Gao J, Li SY, Guo J, et al. Paclitaxel oral preparations: a review[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2025, 31(11): 322-330.] DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250762.

10.Gao L, Meng F, Yang Z, et al. Nano-drug delivery system for the treatment of multidrug-resistant breast cancer: current status and future perspectives[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2024, 179: 117327. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117327.

11.Zhang Y, Wu Y, Du H, et al. Nano-drug delivery systems in oral cancertherapy: recent developments and prospective[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 16(1): 7. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010007.

12.Liu P, Chen G, Zhang J. A review of liposomes as a drug delivery system: current status of approved products, regulatory environments, and futureperspectives[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(4): 1372. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041372.

13.Nijhawan HP, Shyamsundar P, Prabhakar B, et al. PEGylated pH-responsive liposomes for enhancing the intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in MCF-7 breast cancer cells[J]. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2024, 25(7): 216. DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02930-7.

14.Chen T, Chen H, Jiang Y, et al. Co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel in mitochondria-targeted KLA-modified liposomes to improve triple-negative breast cancer treatment[J]. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2022, 15(7): 881. DOI: 10.3390/ph15070881.

15.Zhang M, Ying N, Chen J, et al. Engineering a pH-responsive polymeric micelle co-loaded with paclitaxel and triptolide for breast cancer therapy[J]. Cell Prolif, 2024, 57(6): e13603. DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13603.

16.Wang Y, Lan Y, Wu L, et al. Deguelin and paclitaxel loaded PEG-PCL nano-micelles for suppressing the proliferation and inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells[J]. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 2024, 29(2): 90. DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2902090.

17.Peimanfard S, Zarrabi A, Trotta F, et al. Developing novel hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as carriers for anticancer hydrophobic agents: overcoming limitations of host-guest complexes in a comparative evaluation[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2022, 14(5): 1059. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051059.

18.Sakellaropoulou A, Siamidi A, Vlachou M. Melatonin/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: a review[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(2): 445. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020445.

19.Li Z, Zhao W, Liang N, et al. Tumor targeting and pH-sensitive inclusion complex based on HP-β-CD as a potential carrier for paclitaxel: fabrication, molecular docking, and characterization[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2023, 24(1): 178-189. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01023.

20.Kim HE, Na YG, Jin M, et al. Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers for co-delivery of paclitaxel and PD-L1 siRNA[J]. Int J Pharm, 2024, 666: 124835. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124835.

21.Choi JS, Cho NH, Kim DH, et al. Comparison of paclitaxel solid dispersion and polymeric micellesfor improved oral bioavailability and in vitro anti-cancer effects[J]. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2019, 100: 247-259. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.002.

22.Zhao CC, Zhang CG, Sun X, et al. Paclitaxel-based supramolecular hydrogel loaded with mifepristone for the inhibition of breast cancer metastasis[J]. Cancer Sci, 2022, 113(2): 733-743. DOI: 10.1111/cas.15230.

23.Luo K, Gao Y, Yin S, et al. Co-delivery of paclitaxel and STAT3 siRNA by a multifunctional nanocomplex for targeted treatment of metastatic breast cancer[J]. Acta Biomater, 2021, 134: 649-663. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.029.

24.Tavakoli M, Maghsoudian S, Rezaei-Aderiani A, et al. Synergistic effects of paclitaxel and platelet-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted chemo-hyperthermia therapy against breast cancer[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2025, 251: 114584. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114584.

25.Shen Y, Zhong B, Zheng W, et al. Rg3-lipo biomimetic delivery of paclitaxel enhances targeting of tumors and myeloid-derived suppressor cells[J]. J Clin Invest, 2024, 134(22): e178617. DOI: 10.1172/JCI178617.

26.Hamidian K, Barani M, Adeli-Sardou M, et al. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, loading, and release activity of paclitaxel loaded-porphyrin based metal-organic framework (PCN-600)[J]. Heliyon, 2022, 9(1): e12634. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12634.

27.Wei X, Tao S, Mao H, et al. Exosomal lncRNA NEAT1 induces paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer cells and promotes cell migration by targeting miR-133b[J]. Gene, 2023, 860: 147230. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147230.

28.Kosaka Y, Saeki T, Takano T, et al. Multicenter randomized open-label phase II clinical study comparing outcomes of NK105 and paclitaxel in advanced or recurrent breast cancer[J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2022, 17: 4567-4578. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S372477.

29.Lei L, Chen R, Fan L, et al. Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle-albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with conventional taxanes in women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Ann Palliat Med, 2022, 11(7): 2382-2394. DOI: 10.21037/apm-22-690.