"Quality evaluation through identification" (QECI) is a theory that summarizes the essence of quality identification experience about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As an important component of the current quality evaluation system of TCM, the theory provides theoretical guidance for controlling and evaluating TCM’s quality. Identifying based on human senses, traditional appearance identification relies on experience, which is subjective, difficult to quantify, and poorly repeatable. Modern measurement tools and biomimetic technology can quantify appearance characters (shape, color, smell, taste) of TCM. Then associate the results with content of active ingredients or biological effects. Make use of the visualization, quantifiability, portability, and repeatability of modern scientific means and screen feasible and controllable quality control indicators, which can be applied to quality evaluation and control of TCM’s production and processing in each stage. The origin, connotation, modern research progress, and application value of QECI are reviewed, aiming to provide reference for addressing the shortcomings of traditional appearance evaluation, expanding the application scope of QECI, and promoting the construction of TCM’s quality evaluation system.

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