Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in cell death and exacerbating organ dysfunction. The natural plant compound quercetin exhibits various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. This review demonstrates that quercetin exerts protective effects against multi-organ I/R injury by influencing various molecular pathways (such as TLR4, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt) and apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Caspases), reducing ROS levels, and suppressing inflammatory responses. Future research directions, including combination therapy, nanoparticle formulations, improving bioavailability, and clinical trials, are also outlined, providing new insights and strategies for mitigating I/R injury with quercetin.

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