This paper reviews the research status of the traditional medicinal value, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and quality standards of several main Sambucus L.plants, aiming to point out the existing research gaps, provide a reference for future research, development and utilization, and provide new ideas for new drug research and development. Sambucus L.plants have the effects of bone healing, dispelling wind and inducing dampness, invigorating blood circulation, relieving pain and so on. The rich chemical components such as phenols, terpenoids, sugars and glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, etc. give the plants a variety of pharmacological activities, such as promoting bone formation and protection, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antibacterial effects and regulating blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose. At present, the research mainly focuses on chemical composition analysis and pharmacological activity exploration, but further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of action and establish quality standards.

1.Corrado G, Basile B, Mataffo A, et al. Cultivation, phytochemistry, health claims, and genetic diversity of sambucus nigra, a versatile plant with many beneficial properties[J]. Horticulturae, 2023, 9(4): 488. DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9040488.

2.张旋, 李雪艳, 彭世聪, 等. 接骨木属植物的主要成分及其生物合成途径的推测[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2024, 39(5): 604-610. [Zhang X, Li XY, Peng SC, et al. The main components and biosynthetic pathways of Sambucus plants[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024, 39(5): 604-610.] DOI: 10.13375/j.cnki.wcjps.2024.05.019.

3.王泽玲, 韩立峰, 郝佳, 等. 接骨木属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J]. 中成药, 2023, 45(6): 1936-1943. [Wang ZL, Han LF, Hao J, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Sambucus plants[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2023, 45(6): 1936-1943.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2023.06.031.

4.陈香梅, 常山, 王胡格吉乐图, 等. 接骨木及近缘种植物的ITS2序列分析[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2023, 38(4): 411-415. [Chen XM, Chang S, Wang HGJLT, et al. ITS2 sequence analysis of Sambucus williamsii and its related species[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023, 38(4): 411-415.] DOI: 10.13375/j.cnki.wcjps.2023.04.011.

5.Lei X, Zhang Y, Wei X, et al. Sambucus williamsii hance: a comprehensive review of traditional uses, processing specifications, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 326: 117940. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117940.

6.徐亮, 陈功锡, 张代贵, 等. 接骨木属植物研究进展[J]. 中国野生植物资源, 2010, 29(5): 1-5, 10. [Xu L, Chen GX, Zhang  DG, et al. Research progress of Sambucus plants[J]. Chinese Wild Plant Resource, 2010, 29(5): 1-5, 10.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9690. 2010.05.001.

7.Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, et al. Genus sambucus: exploring its potential as a functional food ingredient with neuroprotective properties mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(14): 7843. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147843.

8.Waswa EN, Li J, Mkala EM, et al. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae)[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2022, 292: 115102. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102.

9.韩路拓, 高艺书, 郭宏伟. 接骨木的本草考证[J]. 中医药信息, 2022, 39(1): 65-69. [Han LT, Gao YS, Guo HW. Herbal textual research on Sambucus williamsii[J]. Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 39(1): 65-69.] DOI: 10.19656/j.cnki.1002-2406.20220113.

10.高云珍, 刘忠颖. 接骨木资源的开发与综合利用[J]. 绿色科技, 2015(1): 114-116. [Gao YZ, Liu ZY. Development and comprehensive utilization of Sambucus williamsii resources[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2015(1): 114-116.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9944.2015.01.053.

11.崔明悦, 陈媛媛, 姚俊修, 等. 接骨木的价值研究进展[J]. 落叶果树, 2021, 53(6): 47-49. [Cui MY, Chen YY, Yao JX, et al. Research progress on the value of Sambucus williamsii[J]. Deciduous Fruits, 2021, 53(6): 47-49.] DOI: 10.13855/j.cnki.lygs.2021.06.012.

12.沈植国, 武方方, 程建明, 等. 接骨木开发利用价值及展望[J]. 山西农业科学, 2024, 52(2): 153-158. [Shen ZG, Wu  FF, Cheng JM, et al. The development and utilization value and prospect of Sambucus williamsii[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 52(2): 153-158.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2024.02.19.

13.Silalahi M, Wakhidah AZ. Sambucus javanica reinw. Ex blume viburnaceae[EB/OL]. (2021-06-16) [2024-12-30] https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-38389-3_140#citeas.

14.Amini E, Nasrollahi F, Sattarian A, et al. Morphological and anatomical study of the genus Sambucus L. (Adoxaceae) in Iran[J]. Modern Phytomorphol, 2021, 15: 23-29, 2021. DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.5078656.

15.Acharya J, Mukherjee A. An account ofviburnuml in the eastern himalayan region[J]. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 2014, 56(3-4): 253-262. DOI: 10.1556/ABot.56.2014.3-4.1.

16.赵湘婷. 中药接骨草化学成分研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2014. https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10731-1014262717.htm.

17.Sandu-Bălan A, Ifrim IL, Patriciu OI, et al. Walnut by-products and elderberry extracts-sustainable alternatives for human and plant health[J]. Molecules, 2024, 29(2): 498. DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020498.

18.付红梅. 接骨木生态功能及其在城市绿化中的价值[J]. 现代园艺, 2024, 47(8): 185-186, 189. [Fu HM. The ecological function of Sambucus williamsii and its value in urban greening[J]. Contemporary Horticulture, 2024, 47(8): 185-186, 189.] DOI: 10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2024.08.064.

19.龙渡江, 王栋. 西洋接骨木栽培技术及在园林景观中的应用[J]. 智慧农业导刊, 2022, 2(9): 59-61. [Long DJ, Wang D. Cultivation techniques of Sambucus williamsii and its application in landscape architecture[J]. Journal of Smart Agriculture, 2022, 2(9): 59-61.] DOI: 10.20028/j.zhnydk.2022.09.018.

20.叶美金, 杨玉敏, 易瑞, 等. 压榨法制备接骨木籽油工艺优化及其活性成分分析[J]. 中国油脂, 2022, 47(11): 1-3, 15. [Ye  MJ, Yang YM, Yi R, et al. Optimization of the preparation process of Sambucus williamsii seed oil by squeezing method and analysis of its active components[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2022, 47(11): 1-3, 15.] DOI: 10.19902/j.cnki.zgyz.1003-7969.220127.

21.刘京, 张璐, 张胜楠, 等. 接骨木莓运动营养粉的抗疲劳功效研究[J]. 生物化工, 2022, 8(5): 86-89. [Liu J, Zhang L, Zhang  SN, et al. Study on the anti-fatigue effect of Sambucus williamsii sports nutrition powder[J]. Biological Chemical Engineering, 2022, 8(5): 86-89.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-0387.2022.05.019.

22.Svanberg I, De Vahl E, Ingvarsdóttir Olsen N, et al. From supernatural to ornamental: black elder (Sambucus nigra L., Family Adoxaceae) in Sweden[J]. Plants, 2024, 13(21): 3068. DOI: 10.3390/plants13213068.

23.Mlynarczyk K, Walkowiak-tomczak D, Lysiak GP. Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry[J]. J Funct Foods, 2018, 40: 377-390. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.025.

24.章佳玫, 吴祖芳, 翁佩芳. 乳酸菌发酵接骨木果汁品质及挥发性风味物质的变化[J]. 中国食品学报, 2022, 22(5): 291-299. [Zhang JM, Wu ZF, Weng PF. Changes in quality and volatile flavor substances of Sambucus williamsii juice fermented by lactic acid bacteria[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2022, 22(5): 291-299.] DOI: 10.16429/j.1009-7848.2022.05.031.

25.封弦, 翁佩芳, 吴祖芳, 等. 乳酸菌发酵接骨木果汁降血糖与抗氧化活性机理[J]. 食品与生物技术学报, 2022, 41(8): 95-103. [Feng X, Weng PF, Wu ZF, et al. The mechanism of hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of Sambucus williamsii juice fermented by lactic acid bacteria[J]. Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 2022, 41(8): 95-103.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1673-1689.2022.08.010.

26.Anton AM, Pintea A, Rugină D, et al. Preliminary studies on the chemical characterization and antioxidant capacity of polyphenols from Sambucus SP[J]. Dig J Nanomater Bios, 2013, 8(3): 973-980. https://chalcogen.ro/973_Hanganu.pdf.

27.胡荣, 戚继忠, 薛振平, 等. 药食两用木本新油源——接骨木油[J]. 林业科学, 2005(1): 65-70. [Hu R, Qi JZ, Xue ZP, et al. A new woody oil source for medicine and food-Jiangumu oil[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005(1): 65-70.] DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2005.01.012.

28.Ferreira-Santos P, Nogueira A, Rocha CMR, et al. Sambucus nigra flower and berry extracts for food and therapeutic applications: effect of gastrointestinal digestion on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity and toxicity[J]. Food Funct, 2022, 13(12): 6762-6776. DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00335j.

29.Torabian G, Bahramian B, Zambon A, et al. A hybrid process for increasing the shelf life of elderberry juice[J]. J Supercrit Fluids, 2018, 140: 406-414. DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.07.023.

30.Liu D, He XQ, Wu DT, et al. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): bioactive compounds, health functions, and applications[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2022, 70(14): 4202-4220. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00010.

31.杨志玲, 王开良, 谭梓峰. 值得开发的几种野生木本油料树种[J]. 林业科技开发, 2003(2): 41-43. [Yang ZL, Wang KL, Tan ZF. Several wild woody oil tree species worth developing[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2003(2): 41-43.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2003.02.016.

32.Lin P, Hwang E, Ngo HTT, et al. Sambucus nigra L. ameliorates UVB-induced photoaging and inflammatory response in human skin keratinocytes[J]. Cytotechnology, 2019, 71(5): 1003-1017. DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00342-1.

33.杜凤国, 孙广仁, 刘继宏. 接骨木果实营养成分的分析[J]. 自然资源, 1996(4): 45-48. [Du FG, Sun GR, Liu JH. Analysis of nutritional components of Sambucus williamsii fruit[J]. Natural Resources, 1996(4): 45-48.] https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/Ch9QZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjUwMTE2MTYzNjE0Eg5RSzE5OTYwMDcwNjAwNxoIenJoY2ltN3I%3D.

34.郭蒙, 姜春红, 刘韬, 等. 血满草叶中绿原酸提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(21): 53-60. [Guo M, Jiang CH, Liu T, et al. Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid from the leaves of S.sanguinea[J]. China Feed, 2023(21): 53-60.] DOI: 10.15906/j.cnki.cn11-2975/s.2022110016-10.

35.黄江丽, 王葳, 彭登庭, 等. 民族药血满草的本草考证[J]. 中南药学, 2023, 21(9): 2419-2423. [Huang JL, Wang W, Peng DT, et al. Herbal textual research of ethnic medicine Sambucus adnata[J]. Central South Pharmacy, 2023, 21(9): 2419-2423. DOI: 10.7539/j.issn.1672-2981.2023.09.025.

36.李巧月, 李莲慧, 李大山, 等. 接骨木属植物化学成分和药理作用的研究进展[J]. 中国药房, 2021, 32(9): 1118-1130. [Li QY, Li LH, Li DS, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Sambucus plants[J]. China Pharmacy, 2021, 32(9): 1118-1130.] DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.09.16.

37.刘冬丽, 王葳, 陈飞龙, 等. 血满草化学成分及生物活性的研究进展[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2018, 33(6): 652-655. [Liu  DL, Wang W, Chen FL, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and biological activities of Sambucus sanguis[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 33(6): 652-655.] DOI: 10.13375/j.cnki.wcjps.2018.06.020.

38.刘瑜, 刘浩博, 钟政昌, 等. 血满草酸性多糖的化学修饰及其免疫活性研究[J]. 中成药, 2024, 46(3): 1008-1012. [Liu  Y, Liu HB, Zhong ZC, et al. Study on chemical modification and immunological activity of acidic polysaccharides from Sambucus adnata[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2024, 46(3): 1008-1012.] DOI: 10.3969/i.issn.1001-1528.2024.03.047.

39.努尔曼·衣西坚. 西伯利亚接骨木树皮提取物对大鼠骨折模型骨代谢指标和生长因子影响的动物实验研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆医科大学, 2020. DOI: 10.27433/d.cnki.gxyku. 2020.000788.

40.吴香杰, 陈常莲, 孟和毕力格. 蒙药材干达嘎日木（悬钩子木和接骨木）解热镇痛抗炎作用的实验研究[J]. 中国民族医药杂志, 2014, 20(4): 34-36. [Wu XJ, Chen CL, Meng HBLG. Experimental study on antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of mongolian medicine ganda garimu (Rubus rubra and Sambucus williamsii)[J]. Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities, 2014, 20(4): 34-36.] DOI: 10.16041/j.cnki.cn15-1175.2014.04.005.

41.武海波, 赵奕宁, 李冬梅, 等. 血满草化学成分研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2013, 25(3): 345-348. [Wu HB, Zhao YN, Li  DM et al.Study on chemical constituents of Sambucus adnata[J]. Natural Product Research and Development, 2013, 25(3): 345-348.] DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2013.03.013.

42.杨增明, 杨树娟. 傣药血满草研究综述[J]. 中国民族医药杂志, 2007(10): 57-58. [Yang ZM, Yang SJ. Research summary of dai medicine Sambucus adnata[J]. Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities, 2007(10): 57-58.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6810.2007.10.032.

43.姚昌俣, 冯艳, 李志强, 等. 血满草质量标准研究[J]. 江西中医药, 2024, 55(10): 60-63, 68. [Yao CY, Feng Y, Li ZQ, et al. Study on quality standard of Sambucus adnata[J]. Jiangxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 55(10): 60-63, 68.] DOI: 10.20141/j.0411-9584.2024.10.18.

44.袁雷, 钟政昌, 刘瑜, 等. 血满草酸性多糖分离纯化、硫酸化修饰及抗炎活性研究[J]. 分析试验室, 2020, 39(6): 649-653. [Yuan L, Zhong ZC, Liu Y, et al. Study on the isolation, purification, sulfation modification and anti-inflammatory activity of acidic polysaccharides from Sambucus adnata[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2020, 39(6): 649-653.] DOI: 10.13595/j.cnki.issn1000-0720.2019.092301.

45.孙丹丹. 接骨木三个品种药材质量比较研究[D].济南: 山东中医药大学, 2019. DOI: 10.27282/d.cnki.gsdzu.2019.000077.

46.吾兰·赛塔合买提, 艾力江·阿斯拉, 努尔哈那提·沙依兰别克, 等. 新疆西伯利亚接骨木树皮提取物促进骨折愈合[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2020, 24(20): 3122-3129. [Wulan STHMT, Ailijiang ASL, Nuerhanati SYLBK, et al. Sambucus sibirica Nakai bark extract promotes fracture healing[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2020, 24(20): 3122-3129.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2697.

47.张庆. 中药陆英化学成分研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2015. DOI: 10.7666/d.D711173.

48.Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Ivancic a, Schmitzer V, et al. Comparison of major taste compounds and antioxidative properties of fruits and flowers of different Sambucus species and interspecific hybrids[J]. Food Chem, 2016, 200: 134-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.044.

49.孙丹丹, 姚俊修, 和焕香, 等. GC-MS法分析接骨木三个品种叶中的挥发油成分[J]. 华西药学杂志, 2020, 35(2): 187-190. [Sun DD, Yao JX, He HX et al. Analysis of volatile oil components in the leaves of three varieties of Sambucus williamsii by GC-MS method[J]. West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 35(2): 187-190.] DOI: 10.13375/j.cnki.wcjps.2020.02.017.

50.木拉提·努尔达勒, 努尔哈那提·沙依兰别克, 杨毅, 等. 接骨木提取物对骨折愈合的作用及机制研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2024, 14(4): 2486-2491. [Mulati NEDL, Nuerhanati SYLBK, Yang Y, et al. Progress in the study of the effect and mechanism of elderberry extract on fracture healing[J]. Advances in Clinical Medicine, 2024, 14(4): 2486-2491.] DOI: 10.12677/acm.2024.1441318.

51.林晓影, 杨炳友, 何娅雯, 等. 接骨木根皮促进骨折愈合有效部位拆分及抗炎作用的研究[J]. 中医药信息, 2016, 33(3): 29-32. [Lin XY, Yang BY, He YW, et al. Study on the effective part separation and anti-inflammatory effect of the root bark of Sambucus williamsii in promoting fracture healing[J]. Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2016, 33(3): 29-32.] https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/Ch9QZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjUwMTE2MTYzNjE0Eg56eXl4eDIwMTYwMzAwORoIYm1zM2xobDY%3D.

52.Abdala S, Devora S, Martin-Herrera D, et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Sambucus palmensis link, an endemic Canary Island species[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2014, 155(1): 626-632. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.002.

53.刘楚含. 接骨木不同部位中活性成分的提取及活性研究[D]. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2018. DOI: 10.7666/d.D01653945.

54.Studzińska-Sroka E, Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Woźna Z, et al. Elderberry leaves with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as a valuable plant material for wound healing[J]. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2024, 17(5): 618. DOI: 10.3390/ph17050618.

55.Has IM, Teleky BE, Szabo K, et al. Bioactive potential of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, bioaccessibility and prebiotic potential[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(7): 3099. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073099.

56.张奇. 酶法辅助乙醇提取制备接骨木多酚及其活性研究[J]. 香料香精化妆品, 2018(2): 39-44, 7. [Zhang Q. Study on the preparation of polyphenols from Sambucus williamsii by enzymatic assisted ethanol extraction and its activity[J]. Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics, 2018(2): 39-44, 7.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4475.2018.02.009.

57.Przybylska-Balcerek A, Szablewski T, Szwajkowska-michalek L, et al. Sambucus nigra extracts-natural antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds[J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(10): 2910. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102910.

58.Bartak M, Lange A, Słonska A, et al. Antiviral and healing potential of Sambucus nigra extracts[J]. Bionatura, 2020, 5(3): 1264-1270. DOI: 10.21931/RB/2020.05. 03.18.

59.Weng JR, Lin CS, Lai HC, et al. Antiviral activity of sambucus formosananakai ethanol extract and related phenolic acid constituents against human coronavirus NL63[J]. Virus Research, 2019, 273. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197767.

60.Mocanu ML, Amariei S. Elderberries-a source of bioactive compounds with antiviral action[J]. Plants (Basel), 2022, 11(6): 740. DOI: 10.3390/plants11060740.

61.Amoros M, Simõs CMO, Girre L, et al. Synergistic effect of flavones and flavonols against herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture. Comparison with the antiviral activity of propolis[J]. Journal of Natural Proakcts, 1992, 55(12): 1732-1740. DOI: 10.1021/np50090a003.

62.胡伟, 李辉, 刘克武. 接骨木籽油抗氧化、降血糖和降血脂生物活性的研究[J]. 中国林副特产, 2018(1): 1-7, 51. [Hu W, Li H, Liu KW. Study on antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Sambucus williamsii seed oil[J]. Forest By-Product and Speciality in China, 2018(1): 1-7, 51] DOI: 10.13268/j.cnki.fbsic.2018.01.001.

63.Mahmoudi M, Ebrahimzadeh M, Dooshan A, et al. Antidepressant activities of Sambucus ebulus and Sambucusnigra[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2014, 18(22): 3350-3353. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25491608/.

64.Sanlier N, Ejder Z B, Irmak E. Are the effects of bioactive components on human health a myth?: black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) from exotic fruits[J]. Curr Nutr Rep, 2024, 13(4): 815-827. DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00572-6.