Aprepitant (APT) is a first-line drug for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and is widely used to treat nausea and vomiting symptoms in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, APT is a poorly soluble drug. Currently, clinical formulations of APT primarily include oral and conventional injectable formulations. Oral formulations have drawbacks such as low bioavailability and susceptibility to food effects, particularly making it difficult for patients with severe vomiting to take the medicine orally. Injectable formulations are inconvenient to use, have poor patient compliance, and require professional administration. Therefore, research and development of new administration routes and formulation technologies for APT are vital. This paper reviews recent advancements in APT formulation technologies, including nano-suspensions, solid dispersions, nanoemulsions, co-crystals, and cyclodextrins, which aim to improve APT solubility and bioavailability. However, most existing technologies are still in the preclinical stage and face challenges such as scalability and stability in large-scale production (contamination risks from grinding methods), safety evaluation (mechanisms of nanoemulsion distribution within the body), and cost control (screening of co-crystal ligands). Future research could explore multi-technology synergies (e.g. eutectic-nanomulsion composite systems) and emerging delivery strategies (e.g. 3D-printed formulations) to advance the clinical translation of APT formulations.

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