Objective  To establish ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) characteristic chromatograms of Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum, combine with multi-component content determination, and provide a reference for better differentiation between Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum medicinal materials.

Methods  Using Waters CORTEC setosum T3 chromatographic column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.6 μm), gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 0.30 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 330 nm, the column temperature was 25 ℃, and the injection volume was 2 μL. The characteristic spectra of 12 batches of Cirsium japonicum and 9 batches of Cirsium setosum medicinal materials were established, common peaks were identified through comparison with reference standards and spectral analysis, and similarity evaluation was performed using a traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system. The differences were compared between Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and the differential components were screened. The content of 7 active ingredients in Cirsium japonicum and 5 active ingredients in Cirsium setosum was comparatively analyzed.

Results  The characteristic chromatograms of both Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum were calibrated with 11 common peaks, of which Cirsium japonicum identified 9 peaks and Cirsium setosum identified 7 peaks, namely neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, diosmin, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, linarin, pectolinarin, and pectolinarigenin. HCA and PCA analyses roughly divided Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum into two categories, while OPLS-DA analysis screened for three differential biomarkers: peak 7, linarin, and diosmin. The content determination results showed that the content of diosmin in Cirsium japonicum was significantly higher than that in Cirsium setosum, while the content of linarin was significantly lower than in Cirsium setosum. In addition, pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin were only detected in Cirsium japonicum, but not in Cirsium setosum.

Conclusion  The established method can effectively distinguish the quality differences between the medicinal materials of Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum, providing a basis for their quality control.

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