Objective  To determine the content of 8 components in 25 batches of Astragalus membranaceus medicinal materials from Shaanxi Province with different growth years, and to analyze the correlations between these component contents and six factors including medicinal material grading, growth years, and morphological characteristics.

Methods  The content of 3 saponin components was determined using an evaporative light scattering detector HPLC method. The chromatographic column was SHISEIDO SPOLAR C₁₈ column (250 mm×4.6  mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (40 ∶ 60), the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 35 ℃, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The content of 5 flavonoid components was determined using diode array detector HPLC method. The chromatographic column was SHISEIDO SPOLAR C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution with the gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 205 nm (9,10-dimethoxyptercarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside) and 250 nm (calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, ononin, calycosin, and formononetin), the column temperature was 35 ℃, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The measurement results were analyzed through Spearman analysis and correlation factor analysis.

Results  In Astragalus membranaceus medicinal herbs, the content of astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were 0.080 0%-0.396 8% and 0.049 7%-0.098 7%, respectively; the content of astragaloside I and astragaloside II were 0.034 9%-0.549 9% and 0.006 2%-0.041 2%, respectively; the content of formononetin, ononin, calycosin, and 9,10-dimethoxyptercarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside were 0.000 6%-0.003 0%, 0.015 0%-0.037  4%, 0.000 9%-0.010 5%, and 0.009 0%-0.056 1%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between saponin and flavonoid contents and growth years. Moreover, inter-component associations were identified.

Conclusion  The established content determination method is simple and accurate, and the research results can provide a reference for the classification and standard formulation of Astragalus membranaceus specifications and grades.

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