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Home Articles Vol 30,2026 No.7 Detail

Mechanistic study on chitosan-mediated adsorption for regulating the migration of lead and cadmium in an eczema external wash formula

Published on Aug. 12, 2026Total Views: 35 times Total Downloads: 4 times Download Mobile

Author: ZHI Hui 1 WANG Zhonghua 1 LIU Xixian 2

Affiliation: 1.Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Binhai New Area Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tianjin 300451, China 2.Department of Acupuncture for Neurological Disorders, Tianjin Binhai New Area Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tianjin 300451, China

Keywords: Eczema external wash formula Heavy metals Pb Cd Adsorption Removal Migration

DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.2097-4922.202602038

Reference: ZHI Hui,WANG Zhonghua,LIU Xixian. Mechanistic study on chitosan-mediated adsorption for regulating the migration of lead and cadmium in an eczema external wash formula[J]. Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Sciences,2026,30(7):1147-1154. DOI:10.12173/j.issn.2097-4922.202602038[Article in Chinese]

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Abstract

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of adsorptive removal technology in reducing heavy metal migration during traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extraction used for eczema external wash prescription (containing Vespae Nidus, Cicadae Periostracum, etc.).

Methods The water decoction was treated with 5 adsorbents (including chitosan and activated carbon) via ultrasonic, static, or co-decoction methods. Pb and Cd contents were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimal process parameters were determined using Box-Behnken response surface methodology.

Results The migration rates of Pb and Cd after water decoction were 22.31% and 35.44%, respectively. Chitosan with ultrasonic treatment showed the highest removal efficiency. The optimal conditions were 29.86 ℃, 4.54% adsorbent ratio, and 1.64 h, yielding an average removal rate of 24.97%. In vitro transdermal tests showed that, following treatment, the cumulative permeation of Pb and Cd per unit area was reduced by 12.15 per cent and 14.66 per cent, respectively.

Conclusion Chitosan combined with ultrasonic treatment effectively reduces Pb and Cd content in the TCM decoction, providing technical support for heavy metal removal during TCM extraction.

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References

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