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Home Articles Vol 30,2026 No.4 Detail

Correlation study of ferulic acid and ligustilide levels with plant growth regulator residues in Angelica sinensis

Published on May. 01, 2026Total Views: 56 times Total Downloads: 10 times Download Mobile

Author: ZHANG Shengjie 1, 2 MA Yantao 3 ZHAO Shangyi 4 JIA Jinru 5 MA Xiao 1, 2 LI Donghua 1, 2

Affiliation: 1. Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Testing Laboratory, Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicines and Decoction Pieces, National Medical Products Administration, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730030, China 4. School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China 5. Application Department, Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China

Keywords: Angelica sinensis Ferulic acid Ligustilide Plant growth regulator Residues Dose-effect relationship

DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.2097-4922.202601067

Reference: ZHANG Shengjie, MA Yantao, ZHAO Shangyi, JIA Jinru, MA Xiao, LI Donghua. Correlation study of ferulic acid and ligustilide levels with plant growth regulator residues in Angelica sinensis[J]. Yaoxue QianYan Zazhi, 2026, 30(4): 613-623. DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.2097-4922.202601067.[Article in Chinese]

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Abstract

Objective  To determine the contents of ferulic acid and ligustilide in 44 batches of Angelica sinensis, screen for 59 plant growth regulators (PGRs) residues, and analyze the dose-effect relationship between the total PGRs residues and the key efficacy components of Angelica sinensis.

Methods  The contents of ferulic acid and ligustilide in 44 batches of Angelica sinensis samples from different producing areas were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Residues of 59 PGRs in the samples were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Correlation analysis and regression model fitting between the active component contents and PGRs residues were performed using R language.

Results   There was a moderate positive correlation between ferulic acid and ligustilide content (r=0.62, P<0.001). A total of 13 PGRs were detected across the 44 batches of Angelica sinensis samples, among which sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate, sodium p-nitrophenolate, and methyl 1-naphthaleneacetate had detection rates exceeding 95%. Correlation analysis indicated that the contents of both ferulic acid and ligustilide generally decreased with increasing total PGRs residue concentrations. The quadratic polynomial regression model provided a slightly better fit for the relationship compared to the linear model, exhibiting a non-linear characteristic described as a "U-shaped" or "initially sharp then gradual decline" pattern.

Conclusion  PGRs residues in Angelica sinensis have the characteristics of universality and specificity. The increase of their residual concentrations has an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of ferulic acid and ligustilide, and there is a non-linear attenuation relationship between them. It is recommended to strengthen cultivation supervision to ensure the clinical efficacy of Angelica sinensis.

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