Objective  To investigate the differences of volatile components in Perilla folium with both surfaces purple (PP), Perilla folium with upper surface green and the lower surface purple (GP), and Perilla folium with both surfaces green (GG), and analyze their correlation with leaf colors.

Methods  Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) combined with a smart aroma database was used to identify the volatile components in Perilla folium with different leaf colors. Based on the peak areas of the volatile components, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to screen the indicator components. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on  volatile components and the color values of the leaves.

Results  A total of 94 volatile components were identified from Perilla folium with different leaf colors, among which 28 compounds were identified for the first time from Perilla folium. A total of 42 key differential components with variable importance in projection (VIP) values >1, including β-lonone, methyl benzoate and nonanal, were screened by PLS-DA model. The one-way ANOVA results showed that there was no significant difference among the relative content of perilla aldehyde in PP, GP and GG, while the relative content of perilla ketone was ranked as PP>GG>GP. The red image element component means (R values) were moderately positively correlated with benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, follicular alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, methyl benzoate, perilla ketone, (E)-3-octen-2-one, β-perilla ketone, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid.

Conclusion  The study screens out the index components of Perilla folium with different leaf colors, reveals the correlation between volatile components and leaf colors, and can provide scientific basis for the quality control and evaluation of medicinal Perilla folium.

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