Sepsis is a common critical illness in pediatric intensive care units, characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. Previous studies have confirmed that vitamin D not only participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but also regulates systemic inflammatory response syndrome and enhances the body's immune defense against pathogens. In recent years, multiple clinical studies have shown that the infection risk and clinical outcomes of children with spesis are significantly correlated with their levels of vitamin D. Compared with healthy children, pediatric sepsis  have a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, which may induce immune imbalance and become a potential trigger for exacerbating inflammation response in sepsis and organ damage. This article reviews the correlation between pediatric sepsis and vitamin D levels, potential immune regulatory mechanisms, and clinical intervention prospects, in order to provide theoretical basis for early identification of high-risk children and the development of personalized treatment plans in clinical practice.

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