Objective  To investigate the efficacy of entecavir combined with compound eosinophil-lactobacillus tablets (CELT) in the treatment of patients with liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods  The clinical data of patients with liver fibrosis due to CHB who were treated in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiashan Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2020 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment plan, the patients were divided into an observation group (entecavir combined with CELT treatment) and a control group (entecavir monotherapy). 1 ∶ 1 Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The total effective rate, liver function indicators (TBil, ALT, AST and Alb), liver fibrosis indicators (HA, LN, PC-Ⅲ and IV-C), viral load indicators (HBV-DNA negative conversion rate and HBsAg negative conversion rate), and inflammatory indicators (CRP and IL-6) were observed between the two groups.

Results  A total of 401 patients were included. After PSM matching, 122 patients were included in each group. The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (87.70% vs. 77.87%, P<0.05). After 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the levels of HA, LN, PC-III, IV-C, TBil, ALT, AST, IL-6, CRP, HBV-DNA and HBsAg in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the level of Alb was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The HBV negative conversion rate (63.93% vs. 40.16%, P<0.05) and HBsAg negative conversion rate (62.30% vs. 36.89%, P<0.05) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P﹥0.05).

Conclusion  Entecavir combined with CELT can improve the total effective rate of CHB patients with liver fibrosis, inhibit liver fibrosis, improve liver function, alleviate inflammatory response, reduce viral load and promote negative conversion.

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