Gastrodia elata Bl., a perennial herb from the Orchidaceae family, is predominantly cultivated in regions such as Hubei, Sichuan, and Yunnan in China. Recognized for its medicinal properties and edible nature, G. elata possesses significant medicinal value. Its chemical composition predominantly consists of aromatic compounds, polysaccharides, glycosides, organic acids, and sterols. In clinical practice, its dried tubers are commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicinal material. This material exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection and regeneration, cardioprotection, osteoprotection, hepatorenal protection, vascular regulation, antidepressant, antitumor, anti-aging, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiepileptic properties. Given these attributes, both the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of G. elata have garnered heightened interest within the scientific community. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and current status of the chemical components and pharmacological effects of G. elata at home and abroad, providing scientific references for G. elata research, and offering suggestions and prospects for its further development and utilization.

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