Objective  To establish a multi-index quality evaluation system, and to provide a methodological basis for quality evaluation of Rhododendron anthopogonoides medicinal material.

Methods TLC was employed for qualitative identification. The contents of moisture, total ash, and ethanol-soluble extractives in 11 batches of samples were determined according to the methods specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2025 edition). HPLC was used for the simultaneous determination of 5 flavonoids: hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied for comprehensive evaluation.

Results  TLC spots were clear with good resolution. The moisture (5.81%-7.14%), total ash (2.92%-3.93%), and ethanol-soluble extractives (17.92%-23.91%) of the 11 batches all met the current standards. The 5 flavonoids showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9968), with average recoveries ranging from 98.53% to 100.42% (RSD ≤ 0.71%, n = 6). Isorhamnetin (coefficient of variation 39.7%) and quercitrin (coefficient of variation 34.3%) exhibited the most significant regional differences. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin (r=0.62-0.85, P < 0.05). Principal component analysis extracted 2 principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.838%. The comprehensive scores ranked as follows: sample 9 (2.11) > sample 1 (1.98) > sample 11 (-2.48).

Conclusion The established comprehensive evaluation method combining TLC, routine tests, and multi-component content determination is specific and reproducible, and can provide methodological reference for quality evaluation of Rhododendron anthopogonoides medicinal material. Hyperoside and quercitrin may be considered as potential key components in the evaluation.

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