Objective  To optimize the optimal crushing particle size and boiling process for Epimedium koreanum Nakai. boiled powder.

Methods  High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis spectrophotometry) were employed to investigate three factors of water addition amount, soaking time, and boiling time. Using total flavonoids, icariin, and dry extract rate as the sample evaluation indicators, the analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method was used for comprehensive scoring to select the optimal crushing particle size of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. boiled powder. At the same time, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the boiling process of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. boiled powder.

Results  The optimal preparation process for Epimedium koreanum Nakai. boiled powder was as follows: it was crushed to pass through a 4-5 mesh sieve, then added with 12 times the amount of water, soaked for 15 minutes, and boiled for 40 minutes.

Conclusion  The selected particle size of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. boiled powder in this study is scientifically reasonable, and the determined boiling process is simple and feasible, which overall meets the actual production needs and is conducive to industrial application.

1.郭丽娜, 马莹慧, 赵伟, 等. 淫羊藿属植物中化学成分分析研究进展[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2013, 22(8): 919-922, 936. [Guo LN, Ma YH, Zhao W, et al. Progress in analysis methods for chemical constituents from Epimedium[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 2013, 22(8): 919-922, 936.] DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZXYZ.0.2013-08-016.

2.龚华乾, 高敏, 柴艺汇, 等. 淫羊藿化学成分与药理作用研究进展[J]. 湖北民族大学学报（医学版）, 2021, 38(4): 75-78. [Gong HQ, Gao M, Chai YH, et al. Advances in chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Epimedium Brevicornum[J]. Journal of Hubei Minzu University (Medical Edition), 2021, 38(4): 75-78.] DOI: 10.13501/j.cnki.42-1590/r.2021.04.018.

3.王焕珍, 柴艺汇, 陈云志, 等. 淫羊藿化学成分与药理作用研究进展 [J]. 亚太传统医药, 2016, 12(7): 63-65. [Wang HZ, Chai YH, Chen YZ, et al. Advances in chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Epimedium Brevicornum[J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2016, 12(7): 63-65.] DOI: 10.16953/j.cnki.1027-8961.2013.08.011.

4.王可可, 龚其海. 淫羊藿化学成分及药理作用的研究进展 [J]. 中国民族民间医药, 2015, 24(19): 16-18, 21. [Wang KK, Gong  QH. Advances in chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Epimedium Brevicornum[J]. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy, 2015, 24(19): 16-18, 21.] DOI: 10.10452/j.cnki.30-1157/r.2015.06.064.

5.王梦蓝, 张淑涵, 郭宁, 等. 细辛标准煮散剂的质量评价[J]. 世界中医药, 2023, 18(15): 2121-2127. [Wang ML, Zhang SH, Guo N, et al. Quality evaluation of standard decoction prepared from powder of Asari Radix et Rhizoma[J]. World Chinese Medicine, 2023, 18(15): 2121-2127.] DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.sjzyy.20231862.

6.俱蓉, 李响, 朱向东, 等. 中药煮散的历史沿革、制备工艺及药效学研究进展[J]. 中国药房, 2020, 31(23): 2924-2947. [Ju R, Li X, Zhu XD, et al. Historical development, preparation process and progress of pharmacodynamic studies on boiled Chinese medicines[J]. China Pharmacy, 2020, 31(23): 2924-2947.] DOI: 10.13823/j.cnki.zgyf.2020.039.

7.孙玉雯, 刘起华, 程艳玲, 等. 中药煮散与传统饮片煎煮效率的对比研究——皮类、茎木类及果实种子类药材 [J]. 西北药学杂志, 2016, 31(4): 337-341. [Sun YW, Liu QH, Cheng  YL, et al. Comparative study on the extraction efficiency of boiling powders and traditional herbal pieces: cortex herbs, stem herbs, fruit and seed herbs[J]. Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal, 2016, 31(4): 337-341.] DOI: 10.16448/j.xbyxzz.2016.0425.

8.李硕, 俱蓉, 杨秀娟, 等. 红芪精准煮散饮片HPLC指纹图谱建立及3种指标成分测定 [J]. 中草药, 2022, 53(16): 5020-5025. [Li S, Ju R, Yang XJ, et al. Establishment of HPLC fingerprint of Hedysari Radix precision boiled powder decoction pieces and determination of three indicative components[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2022, 53(16): 5020-5025.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2022.16.011.

9.仝小林, 张家成, 穆兰澄, 等. 恢复煮散节省药材[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2012, 21(5): 470-474. [Tong XL, Zhang JC, Mu LC, et al. Boiling powder of traditional Chinese medicine afresh for savivg the resource[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 2012, 21(5): 470-474.] DOI: 10.14164/j.cnki.cn11-5581/r.2012.15.046.

10.于红艳, 孙婉春, 史宏妍, 等. AHP-熵权法结合正交试验优化三化汤的提取工艺 [J]. 中医学报, 2024, 39(6): 1295-1300. [Yu HY, Sun WC, Shi HY, et al. Optimized extraction process of Sanhua decoction with AHP-entropy weight method combined with orthogonal test[J]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2024, 39(6): 1295-1300.] DOI: 10.16368/j.issn.1674-8999.2024.06.217.

11.杨瑞, 周熙淮, 朱正标, 等. 基于AHP-熵权法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选复方一枝蒿片成型工艺[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2024, 20(8): 36-42. [Yang R, Zhou XH, Zhu ZB, et al. Based on the AHP-entropy weight method combined with the box-behnken response surface method the molding process of compound Yizhihao tablets was optimized[J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2024, 20(8): 36-42.] DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.1034-6731.20240708.

12.刘芳, 张礼欣, 束雅春, 等. 不同粒度的炒牛蒡子煮散工艺比较[J]. 药学与临床研究, 2022, 30(6): 515-517. [Liu F, Zhang LX, Shu YC, et al. Comparison of different particle size of fried Fructus Arctii powder for boiling[J]. Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2022, 30(6): 515-517.] DOI: 10.13664/j.cnki.pcr.2022.06.014.

13.朱树强, 卢泳, 甘国兴, 等. 虎杖煮散工艺研究 [J]. 中国民族民间医药, 2023, 32(2): 19-23. [Zhu SQ, Lu Y, Gan  GX, et al. Study on preparation technology and dosage of Polygonum Cuspidatum[J]. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy, 2023, 32(2): 19-23.] DOI: 10.10361/j.cnki.45-1357/r.2023.02.064.

14.国家药品监督管理局. 国家药品标准. YBZ-PFKL-2021144[S]. 2021.

15.吴乙庚, 祝婧, 姚东, 等. 层次分析-熵权法联合星点设计-响应面法优选胆汁制陈皮炮制工艺及饮片色度与成分相关性分析 [J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2024, 31(5): 118-124. [Wu  YG, Zhu J, Yao D, et al. Optimization of concoction process of snake bile processed Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium by hierarchical analysis-entropy weight method coupled with central composite design-response surface methodology and correlation analysis of color and composition of decoction pieces[J]. Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 31(5): 118-124.] DOI: 10.19879/j.cnki.1005-5304.202311094.

16.陈坤, 李江, 彭霜, 等. 层次分析-熵权法联合响应面法优选参威骨痹片的提取工艺[J]. 西北药学杂志, 2023, 38(1): 7-13. [Chen K, Li J, Peng S, et al. Optimization of extraction process of Shenweigubi tablets by analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method combined with Box-Behnken response surface methodology[J]. Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal, 2023, 38(1): 7-13.] DOI: 10.15964/j.xbyxzz.2023.0179.

17.冯利梅, 陈艳琰, 乐世俊, 等. 基于层次分析-熵权法的中药质量标志物量化辨识方法研究——以芍药甘草汤为例 [J]. 药学学报, 2021, 56(1): 296-305. [Feng LM, Chen YY, Yue SJ, et al. Quantitative identification of TCM Q-Markers based on analytical hierarchy and the entropy weight comprehensive method by taking Shaoyao Gancao decoction as an example[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2021, 56(1): 296-305.] DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1412.