Ficus carica L. is a medicinal and edible plant with a long history of use. It has the effects of clearing heat and producing fluids, strengthening the spleen and improving appetite, detoxifying and detumescence, moistening the lungs and relieving cough. Modern studies have shown that Ficus carica L. mainly contains chemical components such as polyphenols, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, sterols, volatile components, fatty acids. Pharmacological studies have confirmed that it mainly has antitumor, regulating lipid metabolism, hypoglycemic activity, liver and kidney protection, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, antibacterial, neuroprotective, treatment of skin diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, and other effects. This paper summarizes recent research reports on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ficus carica L. at home and abroad, to provide reference for the in-depth excavation of the medicinal value and the development of related products of Ficus carica L.

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