Comparative analysis of antibacterial activity of Perilla Folium with different leaf colors and its correlation with leaf color values and chemical constituents

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Author: LIU Wenli ^1# YANG Meiqin ^2# LI Lingxi ¹  NIE Lixing ^2, ^3, ⁴ KANG Shuai ^2, ^3, ⁴ YU Jiandong ^2, ^3, ⁴ CHENG Xianlong ^2, ^3, ⁴ LIN Yongqiang ^2, ^3, ⁴ WEI Feng ^2, ^3, ⁴

Affiliation: 1. Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 117004, China 2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China 3. National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science, Beijing 102629, China 4. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, Beijing 102629, China #Co-first authors: LIU Wenli and YANG Meiqin

Keywords: Perilla Folium Antibacterial activity Color values Chemical composition Correlation

DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.2097-4922.202512102

Reference: LIU Wenli, YANG Meiqin, LI Lingxi, NIE Lixing, KANG Shuai, YU Jiandong, CHENG Xianlong, LIN Yongqiang, WEI Feng.Comparative analysis of antibacterial activity of Perilla Folium with different leaf colors and its correlation with leaf color values and chemical constituents[J]. Yaoxue QianYan Zazhi, 2026, 30(5): 787 - 794. DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.2097-4922.202512102[Article in Chinese]  Copied

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Abstract

Objective To systematically compare the antibacterial activities of Perilla Folium with double-purple (PP), Perilla Folium with green-fronted and purple-backed (GP), and Perilla Folium with double-green (GG) for the first time, and to analyze the relationship between antibacterial activity and the contents of perillaldehyde, rosmarinic acid, anthocyanins, the mean red pixel component (R value), mean green pixel component (G value), mean blue pixel component (B value), red-green (a* ) value, yellow-blue (b*) value, lightness (L*) value, and total color (E*ab) value.

Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Perilla Folium with different leaf colors against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using the microdilution method. Combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the differences in antibacterial activity among perilla leaves with varying leaf colors were explored. Pearson correlation co-efficients were systematically analyzed to examine associations among peril-laldehyde, anthocyanin, and rosmarinic acid content, seven leaf color values, and antibacterial activity. This revealed intrinsic links among antibacterial capacity, color characteristics, and chemical composition.

Results PP, GP, and GG all exhibited antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of perilla leaves with different leaf colors against Staphylococcus aureus was ranked as GP > PP > GG, while the antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was ranked as GP > GG > PP. PLS-DA results showed that perilla leaves of different leaf colors formed distinct clusters. Nine key differential components were identified: anthocyanin, R value, b* value, E*ab value, 10104-H, 6538-L, L* value, perillaldehyde, and 26003-L. Correlation analysis revealed that the MIC of Staphylococcus aureus was negatively correlated with rosmarinic acid, while the MIC of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was negatively correlated with perillaldehyde.

Conclusion The study revealed differences in antibacterial activity among perilla leaves with varying leaf colors, with green-fronted, purple-backed leaves ex-hibiting the strongest antibacterial effect. Higher levels of rosmarinic acid and perillaldehyde in perilla leaves correlated with enhanced antibacterial capacity.

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