Objective  To explore the relationship between Hovenia dulcis seed traits, germination characteristics and the geographic conditions, and to assess the content of dihydromyricetin in order to screen for excellent Hovenia dulcis germplasm resources.

Methods  Seven regions of Hovenia dulcis from different seed sources were collected, its seed length, width, 1 000-grain weight, germination rate, germination vigor, germination time and duration were measured, and then the correlation with the geographic conditions was analyzed. The dihydromyricetin content was determined by the HPLC method, to screen out the excellent germplasm resources.

Results  The length, width, 1  000-grain weight, and dihydromyricetin content of different seed sources of Hovenia dulcis seed were 0.396-0.426  cm, 0.334-0.360 cm, 16.976-20.867 g, 0.513-6.037 mg/g, respectively. Seed germination initially took a long time, but the peak of germination was reached within 4 days, and the germination ended within 10 days. The highest germination rate of 76.67% was found in Kunming seed source. Correlation analysis revealed that 1 000-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with average precipitation, germination rate was significantly positively correlated with germination vigor, germination duration was significantly positively correlated with longitude, while latitude, average precipitation, germination rate were significantly negatively correlated with germination vigor. Both germination rate and germination vigor were significantly positively correlated with average precipitation. Cluster analysis classified the regions into three groups, with Wuhan having the highest 1 000-grain weight, the longest length, and the highest dihydromyricetin content.

Conclusion  The region with high average temperature and long average annual sunshine hours has longer seeds, the region with high average precipitation and low latitude has heavier seeds, and as the latitude decreases and the average precipitation increases, the germination potential and germination rate increases. Hovenia dulcis in Wuhan region has the highest 1 000-grain weight, the largest seeds, and the highest content of dihydromyricetin, and the Wuhan region is the best among the seven seed sources in this study.

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