Codonopsis Radix, a renowned medicinal and edible herb in China, is widely used in medical, healthcare, and food-related fields. The original plants of Codonopsis Radix recorded in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2025 edition) are Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen, and Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.. Due to the differences in quality among different varieties of Codonopsis Radix and their direct correlation with clinical efficacy, it is crucial to improve the quality of Codonopsis Radix and ensure its quality controllability. Based on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Codonopsis Radix, and integrating the core concept of quality markers (Q-markers) in traditional Chinese medicine, this article systematically explores the screening and identification of Q-markers for the documented varieties of Codonopsis Radix from multiple dimensions, including plant phylogeny, traditional medicinal properties and efficacy, chemical constituents measurability, and blood components. It is preliminarily speculated that polysaccharides, lobetyolin, lobetyolinin, adenosine, tangshenoside I, syringin, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide III can be used as Q-markers for Codonopsis Radix. In addition, atractylenolide II is used as a Q-markers to distinguish Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. and Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen from Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.. The determination of the content of codotubulosine A will be used as a characteristic compound to distinguish Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. from the other two official original plants of Codonopsis Radix.

1.李凤超, 李惠敏, 张艺, 等. 党参地方习用品的本草考证 [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2021, 27(15): 132-138. [Li FC, Li  HM, Zhang Y, et al. Herbal textual research on local varieties of Codonopsis Radix[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2021, 27(15): 132-138.] DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20211016.

2.中国药典2025年. 一部[S]. 2025: 302-303.

3.Shi Q, Chen Z, Yang J, et al. Review of Codonopsis Radix biological activities: a plant of traditional Chinese tonic[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 332: 118334. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118334.

4.张开弦, 姚秋阳, 任艳, 等. 党参道地品种起源、变迁、现状研究进展[J]. 中成药, 2024, 46(1): 211-216. [Zhang  KX, Yao QY, Ren Y, et al. Origin, changes and current status of authentic varieties of Codonopsis Radix[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2024, 46(1): 211-216.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2024.01.036.

5.Dong J, Na Y, Hou A, et al. A review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analysis method and quality control, processing methods, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of Codonopsis Radix[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 116203. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162036.

6.张璐, 杨莹莹. 高效液相色谱法测定党参多糖的单糖组成及含量[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2021, 32(12): 163-169. [Zhang  L, Yang YY. Determination of monosaccharide composition and content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide by HPLC[J]. China Food Additives, 2021, 32(12): 163-169.] DOI: 10.19804/j.issn1006-2513.2021.12.022.

7.唐小惠. 纹党参多糖结构鉴定、活性评价及其微胶囊对伤口愈合的影响[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2021. DOI: 10.27206/d.cnki.ggsgu.2021.000109.

8.徐玉洁. 板党多糖的分离纯化、结构表征及抗炎活性的研究 [D]. 武汉: 湖北中医药大学, 2018. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis/D01429171.

9.兰晓燕, 周利, 李翔, 等. 党参的研究进展及其质量标志物的预测分析[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2023, 48(8): 2020-2040. [Lan  XY, Zhou L, Li X, et al. Research progress of Codonopsis Radix and prediction of its Q-Markers[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2023, 48(8): 2020-2040.] DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20221231.202.

10.庞维荣, 双少敏, 刘养清. RP-HPLC法测定党参内酯和党参炔苷的含量及相关性研究[J]. 世界中西医结合杂志, 2008, 3(2): 89-91. [Pang WR, Shuang SM, Liu YQ. RP-HPLC determination of the contents and correlation of atractylenolide and lobetyolin[J]. World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2008, 3(2): 89-91.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6613.2008.02.010.

11.安太勇. 不同基源党参及党参硫熏前后的化学成分对比研究 [D]. 成都: 成都中医药大学, 2018. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis/D01606022.

12.He JY, Zhu S, Komatsu K. HPLC/UV analysis of polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoid and pyrrolidine alkaloids in medicinally used Codonopsis Species[J]. Phytochem Anal, 2014, 25(3): 213-219. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2494.

13.冯亚静,王晓霞, 庄鹏宇, 等. 党参的化学成分研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2017, 42(1): 135-139. [Feng YJ, Wang XX, Zhuang PY, et al. Study on chemical constituents of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2017, 42(1): 135-139.] DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20161222.046.

14.王晓霞, 庄鹏宇, 陈金铭, 等. 党参化学成分的研究[J]. 中草药, 2017, 48(9): 1719-1723. [Wang XX, Zhuang PY, Chen JM, et al. Study on chemical constituents of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2017, 48(9): 1719-1723.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2017.09.004.

15.Jiang YP, Liu YF, Guo QL, et al. Acetylenes and fatty acids from Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2015, 5(3): 215-222. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.03.005.

16.Jiang YP, Liu YF, Guo QL, et al. C14-polyacetylenol glycosides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2015, 17(12): 1-14. DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1112797.

17.Jiang YP, Liu YF, Guo QL, et al. C14-polyacetylene glucosides from Codonopsis pilosula[J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2015, 17(6): 601-614. DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1041932.

18.孙甲友. I. 川芎和党参的化学成分研究；II. 野棉花地上部分抗炎镇痛药效作用评价[D]. 银川: 宁夏医科大学, 2016. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis/D01144745.

19.Sun J, Wang L, Wang M, et al. Two new polyacetylene glycosides from the roots of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.[J]. Nat Prod Res, 2016, 30(20): 2338-2343. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1174230.

20.Tsai TH, Lin LC. Phenolic glycosides and pyrrolidine alkaloids from Codonopsis tangshen[J]. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2008, 56(11): 1546-1550. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1546.

21.Lin LC, Tsai TH, Kuo CL. Chemical constituents comparison of Codonopsis tangshen, Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta and Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Nat Prod Res, 2013, 27(19): 1812-1815. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.778849.

22.关琳静. 不同来源党参成分含量测定及党参HPLC特征图谱研究[D]. 太原: 山西医科大学, 2015. DOI: 10.7666/d.D649717.

23.Li CY, Xu HX, Han QB, et al. Quality assessment of Radix Codonopsis by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2009, 1216(11): 2124-2129. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.080.

24.曹永凯. 党参质量评价研究[D]. 广州: 广州中医药大学, 2012. https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10572-1016031176.htm.

25.He JY, Zhu S, Goda Y, et al. Quality evaluation of medicinally-used Codonopsis Species and Codonopsis Radix based on the contents of pyrrolidine alkaloids, phenylpropanoid and polyacetylenes[J]. J Nat Med, 2014, 68(2): 326-339. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0801-0.

26.Wakana D, Kawahara N, Goda Y. Two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, codonopsinol C and codonopiloside A, isolated from Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 2013, 61(12): 1315-1317. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c13-00516.

27.贺庆, 朱恩圆, 王峥涛, 等. 党参化学成分的研究[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2006, 41(1): 10-12. [He Q, Zhu EY, Wang ZT, et al. Study on chemical constituents of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2006, 41(1): 10-12.] DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-2494.2006.01.005.

28.王峥涛, 徐国钧, 服部征雄, 等. 党参化学成分的分离鉴定[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 1988, (1): 61. [Wang ZT, Xu GJ, Fubu ZX, Isolation and identification of chemical components in Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University, 1988, (1): 61.] DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZGYD.0.1988-01-021.

29.郑涛, 晏永明, 徐福荣, 等. 潞党参化学成分研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2017, 29(10): 1642-1647. [Zheng T, Yan YM, Xu FR, et al. Compounds from Codonopsis pliosula[J]. Natural Product Research and Development, 2017, 29(10): 1642-1647.] DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2017.10.002.

30.安太勇, 陈晓虎, 张梅, 等. UPLC-Q-Exactive四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用快速分析川党参的化学成分[J]. 中草药, 2018, 49(7): 1533-1542. [An TY , Chen XH, Zhang M, et al. Rapid analysis on chemical constituents in roots of Codonopsis tangshen by UPLC coupled with Q-exactive quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2018, 49(7): 1533-1542.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2018.07.008.

31.陈娟, 陈瑞明, 孟雪, 等. 高效液相色谱法同时测定党参中3种指标性成分含量[J]. 中国药业, 2021, 30(5): 69-72. [Chen J, Chen RM, Meng X, et al. Simultaneous determination of three indexes components in Codonopsis pilosula by HPLC[J]. China Pharmaceuticals, 2021, 30(5): 69-72.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4931.2021.05.018.

32.张靖, 徐筱杰, 徐文, 等. HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS~n快速鉴别党参药材中化学成分[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2015, 21(9): 59-63. [Zhang J, Xu XJ, Xu W, et al. Rapid identification of chemical constituents from Codonopsis Radix by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2015, 21(9): 59-63.] DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.2015090059.

33.黄圆圆, 张元, 康利平, 等. 党参属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2018, 49(1): 239-250. [Huang YY, Zhang  Y, Kang LP, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and their pharmacological activities of plant from Codonopsis[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2018, 49(1): 239-250.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2018.01.033.

34.李桂秀, 任子瑜, 李震宇, 等. 一测多评法测定党参中党参炔苷、党参苷Ⅳ和苍术内酯Ⅲ的含量[J]. 山西大学学报（自然科学版）, 2011, 34(S2): 90-95. [Li GX, Ren ZY, Li ZY, et al. Assay of lobetyolin, tangshenoside Ⅳ and atractyloide Ⅲ in Radix Codonopsis by QAMS[J]. Journal of Shanxi University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 34(S2): 90-95.] DOI: 10.13451/j.cnki.shanxi.univ(nat.sci.).2011.s2.020.

35.刘付松, 陈翠莎, 孙佩, 等. 不同品种及采收期党参药材中5种有效成分含量的比较研究[J]. 中国药房, 2020, 31(14): 1677-1682. [Liu FS, Chen CS, Sun P, et al. Comparative study on contents of 5 active ingredients in different varieties and harvesting periods of Codonopsis Radix[J]. China Pharmacy, 2020, 31(14): 1677-1682.] DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.14.03.

36.Wakana D, Kawahara N, Goda Y. Three new triterpenyl esters, codonopilates A-C, isolated from Codonopsis pilosula[J]. J Nat Med, 2011, 65(1): 18-23. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0447-0.

37.王建忠, 王锋鹏. 川党参的化学成分研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 1996, (2): 8-12. [Wang JZ, Wang FP. Research on the chemical components of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. [J]. Natural Product Research and Development, 1996, (2): 8-12.] DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.1996.02.002.

38.刘玉兰, 姚丽, 张吉平, 等. 党参化学成分系统研究进展[J]. 山东医药工业, 1999, (1): 35-36. [Liu YL, Yao L, Zhang JP, et al. Progress in the study of chemical composition system of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 1999, (1): 35-36.] DOI: CNKI:SUN:SDYG.0.1999-01-033.

39.Liu Y, Zhu X, Tong X, et al. Syringin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting neuroinflammation and TLR4 signaling[J]. Perfusion, 2022, 37(6): 562-569. DOI: 10.1177/02676591211007025.

40.Zhou Y, Huang S, Wu F, et al. Atractylenolide III reduces depressive-and anxiogenic-like behaviors in rat depression models[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2021, 759: 136050. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136050.

41.Wang C, Hui J, Zhu X, et al. Lobetyolin efficiently promotes angiogenesis and neuronal development in transgenic zebrafish[J]. Natural Product Communications, 2020, 15(8): 1-7. DOI: 10.1177/1934578X20937174.

42.Greene RW, Bjorness TE, Suzuki A. The adenosine-mediated, neuronal-glial, homeostatic sleep response[J]. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 2017, 44: 236-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.015.

43.Liu JH, Bao YM, Song JJ, et al. Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. total alkaloids potentiate neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells[J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2003, 24(9): 913-917. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12956941/.

44.叶文斌, 杨文, 陈耀年, 等. 纹党和红芪加工废弃物中活性多糖对衰老小鼠学习记忆能力和抗疲劳作用的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2021, 56(2): 18-24. [Ye WB, Yang W, Chen YN, et al. Effects of bioactive polysaccharides from processed waste of Codonopisis pilosula and and Hedysarum polybotrys on learning and memory ability and antifatigue in aging mice[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2021, 56(2): 18-24.] DOI: 10.13432/j.cnki.jgsau.2021.02.003.

45.罗洪斌, 刘翔宇, 牟南樵, 等. 板桥党参对激活GSK-3β诱导的AD模型大鼠认知功能障碍的保护作用及其机制[J]. 中国药理学通报, 2017, 33(8): 1060-1067. [Luo HB, Liu XY, Mou NQ, et al. Banqiao Codonopisis pilosula improves cognitive dysfunction inducedby high GSK-3β activity and its possible mechanism[J]. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2017, 33(8): 1060-1067.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2017.08.006.

46.Jia W, Bi Q, Jiang S, et al. Hypoglycemic activity of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. in vitro and in vivo and its chemical composition identification by UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS[J]. Food Funct, 2022, 13(5): 2456-2464. DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03761g.

47.Lu XY, Zhou FH, Dong YQ, et al. Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. amelioration effect on diabetic kidney disease rats induced by high fat diet feeding combined with streptozotocin[J]. Nat Prod Bioprospect, 2018, 8(6): 441-451. DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0187-5.

48.Zou YF, Zhang YY, Fu YP, et al. A polysaccharide isolated from Codonopsis pilosula with immunomodulation effects both in vitro and in vivo[J]. Molecules, 2019, 24(20): 3632. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203632.

49.时菲菲, 王妲妲, 曹金花, 等. 双连续型党参多糖纳米乳对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(12): 5925-5931. [Shi FF, Wang DD, Cao JH, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of W/O/W Codonopsis pillosula polysaccharide nanoemulsion on immunosuppressed mice[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(12): 5925-5931.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.12.046.

50.张培. 纹党果胶多糖CPP1c结构解析、抗肿瘤活性及免疫活性研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2016. DOI: 10.27204/d.cnki.glzhu.2016. 000051.

51.李开菊, 陈文倩, 周霞, 等. 素花党参多糖对乌鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血常规及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 四川畜牧兽医, 2017, 44(10): 32-34, 36. [Li KJ, Chen WQ, Zhou X, et al. Effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on the production performance, immune function, routine blood indexes and intestinal microflora of black-bone chicken[J]. Sichuan Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2017, 44(10): 32-34, 36.] DOI: CNKI:SUN:SCXS.0.2017-10-015.

52.王先丽, 陈龙菊. 富硒板党对老龄大鼠免疫功能的影响及其机制[J]. 中国应用生理学杂志, 2014, 30(5): 401-404. [Wang  XL, Chen LJ. Effects of the rich selenium-Banqiao-Codonopsis pilosula on the aged rats' immune functions and its underlying mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Physiolog, 2014, 30(5): 401-404.] DOI: 10.13459/j.cnki.cjap.2014.05.005.

53.Qu L, Shi K, Xu J, et al. Atractylenolide-1 targets SPHK1 and B4GALT2 to regulate intestinal metabolism and flora composition to improve inflammation in mice with colitis[J]. Phytomedicine, 2022, 98: 153945. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153945.

54.宋丹, 王峥涛, 李隆云, 等. 党参炔苷对胃溃疡模型大鼠胃黏膜损伤保护作用的研究[J]. 中国中医急症, 2008, 17(7): 963-964, 986. [Song D, Wang ZT, Li LY, et al. Protective effect of lobetyotin oil gastric mucosa of experimental gastric ulcer in rats[J]. Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2008, 17(7): 963-964, 986.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-745X.2008.07.048.

55.Li J, Wang T, Zhu Z, et al. Structure features and anti-gastric ulcer effects of inulin-type fructan CP-A from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.[J]. Molecules, 2017, 22(12). DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122258.

56.帖晓燕, 张云鹤, 张文广, 等. 纹党米炒前后体外抗氧化活性及干预脾虚泄泻大鼠的药效对比研究[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(22): 6871-6880. [Tie XY, Zhang YH, Zhang  WG, et al. Comparative study on effects of Codonopsis Radix before and after stir-baking with rice on anti-oxidation in vitro and regulation of immune function and digestive absorption in diarrhea rats with spleen deficiency[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2021, 52(22): 6871-6880.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2021.22.012.

57.Tang XM, Liao ZK, Huang YW, et al. Atractylenolide Ⅰ protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation by anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation effect[J]. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 2017, 10(6): 582-587. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.06.007.

58.Cao M, Yu C, Yao Z, et al. Atractylodesin III maintains mitochondrial function and inhibits Caspase-3 activity to reverse apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in AMI rats[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2019, 12(1): 198-204. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31933734/.

59.Wang JN, Kan CD, Lee LT, et al. Herbal extract from Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. enhances cardiogenic differentiation and improves the function of infarcted rat hearts[J]. Life (Basel), 2021, 11(5): 422. DOI: 10.3390/life11050422.

60.李义波, 杨柏龄, 侯茜, 等. 党参多糖对小鼠造血干细胞衰老相关蛋白p53、p21、Bax和Bcl-2的影响[J]. 解放军药学学报, 2017, 33(2): 120-124. [Li YB, Yang BL, Hou Q, et al. Effect of Codonopsis polysaceharide on protein expression of p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 associated with aging of hematopoietic stem cells in mice[J]. Pharmaceutical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 2017, 33(2): 120-124.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9926.2017.02.004.

61.谭志鑫, 肖本见, 廖艳华. 板党硒多糖对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后心肌损伤的影响[J]. 湖北民族学院学报（医学版）, 2010, 27(4): 11-13. [Tan ZX, Xiao BJ, Liao YH. Effects of Se-polysaccharides in Codonopsis pilosula from Banqiao on myocardium injury in rat suffering from limb ischemia reperfusion[J]. Journal of Hubei Minzu University (Medical Edition) 2010, 27(4): 11-13.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8164.2010.04.004.

62.马铭. 党参低聚糖的DPPH自由基清除活性及免疫活性研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2019. DOI: 10.27204/d.cnki.glzhu.2019.000349.

63.Wu Q, Luo M, Yao X, et al. Purification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of the COP-W1 polysaccharide from Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.[J]. Carbohydr Polym, 2020, 236: 116020. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116020. 

64.Zou YF, Zhang YY, Paulsen BS, et al. New pectic polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen: structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activities[J]. J Sci Food Agric, 2021, 101(14): 6043-6052. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11261.

65.Chen Y, Tian Y, Jin G, et al. Lobetyolin inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ASCT2 down-regulation-induced apoptosis[J]. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2021, 40(12): 2074-2086. DOI: 10.1177/09603271211021476.

66.Chan KWK, Chung YH, Ho SW, et al. Anti-tumor activity of atractylenolide I in human colon adenocarcinoma in vitro[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(1): 212-212. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010212.

67.Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, et al. Atractylenolide II inhibits tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-induced lung cancer cell metastasis[J]. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 2022, 44(2): 227-237. DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2037629.

68.胡建燃, 李平, 雷海英, 等. 潞党参多糖对宫颈癌细胞SiHa增殖和迁移的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2017, 33(5): 159-163. [Hu JR, Li P, Lei HY, et al. Effects of polysaccharides from Lu Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula) on proliferation and migration of human cervical siha[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2017, 33(5): 159-163.] DOI: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016-0953.

69.陈文霞, 张培, 高霞, 等. 硒化纹党参多糖和其抗A549细胞的活性[J]. 中成药, 2015, 37(11): 2408-2413. [Chen WX, Zhang  P, Gao X, et al. Selenylation of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and its inhibition against A549 cells[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2015, 37(11): 2408-2413.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2015.11.015.

70.Bai R, Li W, Li Y, et al. Cytotoxicity of two water-soluble polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and its mechanism[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2018, 120 (Pt B): 1544-1550. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.123.

71.杨瑾, 刘杰书, 袁德培. 板桥党参多糖体内抗肿瘤活性实验研究[J]. 中国处方药, 2014, 12(3): 25-26. [Yang J, Liu JS, Yuan DP. Experimental study on the anti-tumor activity of Banqiao Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides in vivo[J]. Journal of China Prescription Drug, 2014, 12(3): 25-26.] DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZGCF.0.2014-03-014.

72.刘昌孝, 陈士林, 肖小河, 等. 中药质量标志物（Q-Marker）: 中药产品质量控制的新概念[J]. 中草药, 2016, 47(9): 1443-1457. [Liu CX, Chen SL, Xiao XH, et al. A new concept on quality marker of Chinese materia medica: quality control for Chinese medicinal products[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2016, 47(9): 1443-1457.] DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2016.09.001.

73.Zhang KX, Zhang DL, Yang QF, et al. Integrated widely targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed quality disparities between Guizhou and conventional producing areas of Codonopsis Radix[J]. Front Nutr, 2023, 10: 1271817. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1271817.

74.孟静一, 曹玲亚, 李建宽, 等. 党参多糖对番泻叶所致脾虚模型小鼠的补脾作用研究[J]. 中国药房, 2021, 32(10): 1209-1214. [Meng JY, Cao LY, Li JK, et al. Study on the tonifying spleen effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on sennae folium-induced spleen-deficiency model mice[J]. China Pharmacy, 2021, 32(10): 1209-1214.] DOI: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.10.09.

75.林小玲, 方草, 柯维强. 党参多糖调控NF-κB信号通路对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠T细胞免疫紊乱和气道炎症的影响[J]. 天津中医药, 2021, 38(6): 788-793. [Lin XL, Fang C, Ke WQ. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides regulate NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate T cell immune disorders and airway inflammation in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021, 38(6): 788-793.] DOI: 10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2021.06.24.

76.邢秀玲, 赵海鹰, 李丽君, 等. 党参多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠贫血的治疗效果观察[J]. 临床误诊误治, 2022, 35(1): 99-102. [Xing XL, Zhao HY, Li LJ, et al. Therapeutic effectiveness of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on mice with anemia induced by cyclophosphamide[J]. Clinical Misdiagnosis & Mistherapy, 2022, 35(1): 99-102.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2022.01.023.

77.段耿婷, 刘付松, 张澜, 等. 不同产地党参的总硒、蛋白质、多糖含量及土壤总硒含量的相关性分析[J]. 中南药学, 2023, 21(3): 777-783. [Duan GT, Liu FS, Zhang L, et al. Correlation between total selenium, protein and polysaccharide content of Codonopsis Radix and soil selenium content in different areas[J]. Central South Pharmacy, 2023, 21(3): 777-783.] DOI: 10.7539/j.issn.1672-2981.2023.03.037.

78.王梦花, 孔文茹, 王智璠, 等. HPLC同时测定党参中4种成分含量[J]. 食品与药品, 2024, 26(5): 454-457. [Wang  MH, Kong WR, Wang ZF, et al. Simultaneous determination of four components in Codonopsis Radix by HPLC[J]. Food and Drug, 2024, 26(5): 454-457.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-979X.2024.05.015.

79.张小婷, 张芮铭, 牛媛婧,等. 基于多成分含量测定及化学计量学的党参质量评价[J]. 中药材, 2022, 45(10): 2411-2417. [Zhang XT, Zhang RM, Niu YJ, et al. Quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix based on multi-component content determination and chemometrics[J]. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2022, 45(10): 2411-2417.] DOI: 10.13863/j.issn1001-4454.2022.10.023.

80.许朋, 余兰, 冯昆. 党参多糖的提取及体内外免疫作用的研究[J]. 哈尔滨医药, 2018, 38(4): 301-303. [Xu P, Yu  L, Feng K. Extraction of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula in vivo, in vitro immunization of polysaccharide[J]. Harbin Medical Journal, 2018, 38(4): 301-303.] DOI: CNKI:SUN:HBYY.0.2018-04-001.

81.Xu S, Qi X, Liu Y, et al. UPLC-MS/MS of atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, and atractyloside A in rat plasma after oral administration of raw and wheat bran-processed Atractylodis Rhizoma[J]. Molecules, 2018, 23(12): 3234. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123234.

82.Li Q, Sun LX, Xu L, et al. Determination and pharmacokinetic study of syringin and chlorogenic acid in rat plasma after administration of Aidi lyophilizer[J]. Biomed Chromatogr, 2006, 20(12): 1315-1320. DOI: 10.1002/bmc.698.